Scheduler with cron in Laravel

Introduction

The scheduler helps you run tasks automatically at set times without doing it yourself.

Send daily reminder emails to users.

Clean up old files every night.

Generate reports every Monday morning.

Backup the database weekly.

Run any repetitive task automatically on a schedule.

Syntax

Laravel

protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
    $schedule->command('your:command')->cron('* * * * *');
}

The cron method uses standard cron syntax: minute, hour, day, month, weekday.

Put your scheduled commands inside the schedule method in app/Console/Kernel.php.

Examples

Runs the emails:send command every day at 9:00 AM.

Laravel

$schedule->command('emails:send')->cron('0 9 * * *');

Runs the backup:run command every Sunday at midnight.

Laravel

$schedule->command('backup:run')->cron('0 0 * * 0');

Runs the cleanup:temp command every 15 minutes.

Laravel

$schedule->command('cleanup:temp')->cron('*/15 * * * *');

Sample Program

This example shows how to schedule a command named report:generate to run every day at 7 AM using cron syntax. The command prints a message when it runs.

Laravel

<?php

namespace AppConsole;

use IlluminateConsoleSchedulingSchedule;
use IlluminateFoundationConsoleKernel as ConsoleKernel;

class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
{
    protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule): void
    {
        // Run the 'report:generate' command every day at 7 AM
        $schedule->command('report:generate')->cron('0 7 * * *');
    }

    protected function commands(): void
    {
        $this->load(__DIR__.'/Commands');
    }
}

// Example command class
namespace AppConsoleCommands;

use IlluminateConsoleCommand;

class ReportGenerate extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'report:generate';
    protected $description = 'Generate daily report';

    public function handle(): int
    {
        // Simulate report generation
        $this->info('Report generated successfully.');
        return 0;
    }
}

Important Notes

Make sure your server runs the Laravel scheduler every minute by adding this cron entry: * * * * * php /path-to-your-project/artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

Use php artisan schedule:list to see all scheduled tasks.

Test your commands manually with php artisan your:command before scheduling.

Summary

The scheduler runs tasks automatically using cron timing.

Define scheduled commands inside app/Console/Kernel.php.

Set up a system cron job to trigger Laravel's scheduler every minute.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of Laravel's scheduler when using cron expressions?

easy

A. To create database migrations automatically

B. To manually execute commands from the terminal

C. To automate running tasks at specified times without manual intervention

D. To generate user authentication scaffolding

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand Laravel scheduler role

   Laravel scheduler automates running tasks like commands or jobs at set times.

2. Step 2: Identify cron usage

   Cron expressions define when tasks run automatically without manual input.

3. Final Answer:

   To automate running tasks at specified times without manual intervention -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Scheduler automates tasks [OK]

Hint: Scheduler automates tasks on schedule, not manual commands [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing scheduler with manual command execution
• Thinking scheduler creates migrations
• Assuming scheduler generates UI code

2. Which of the following is the correct way to schedule a command to run every day at midnight in Laravel's app/Console/Kernel.php?

easy

A. $schedule->command('emails:send')->hourly();

B. $schedule->command('emails:send')->dailyAt('00:00');

C. $schedule->command('emails:send')->cron('0 12 * * *');

D. $schedule->command('emails:send')->everyMinute();

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify daily midnight syntax

   Laravel's dailyAt('00:00') schedules a command at midnight daily.

2. Step 2: Check other options

   everyMinute() runs every minute, cron('0 12 * * *') runs at noon, hourly() runs every hour.

3. Final Answer:

   $schedule->command('emails:send')->dailyAt('00:00'); -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   dailyAt('00:00') = midnight daily [OK]

Hint: dailyAt('00:00') means every day at midnight [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using cron('0 12 * * *') which runs at noon, not midnight
• Confusing everyMinute() with daily scheduling
• Using hourly() instead of dailyAt()

3. Given this scheduler code in app/Console/Kernel.php:

$schedule->command('backup:run')->cron('0 3 * * 1');

When will the backup:run command execute?

medium

A. Every hour on the hour

B. Every day at 3:00 AM

C. Every Sunday at 3:00 AM

D. Every Monday at 3:00 AM

Solution

1. Step 1: Decode cron expression '0 3 * * 1'

   The fields mean: minute=0, hour=3, day=any, month=any, weekday=1 (Monday).

2. Step 2: Interpret execution time

   The command runs at 3:00 AM every Monday.

3. Final Answer:

   Every Monday at 3:00 AM -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   cron('0 3 * * 1') = Monday 3AM [OK]

Hint: Cron weekday 1 means Monday at specified time [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing weekday 1 with Sunday
• Assuming it runs daily instead of weekly
• Misreading hour or minute fields

4. You wrote this in app/Console/Kernel.php:

$schedule->command('report:generate')->cron('60 * * * *');

What is the problem with this cron expression?

medium

A. Minute value 60 is invalid; minutes range from 0 to 59

B. Hour value is missing

C. Day of month is invalid

D. Cron expression is missing the command name

Solution

1. Step 1: Check cron minute field

   The first field is minute; valid values are 0 to 59. 60 is invalid.

2. Step 2: Confirm other fields

   Other fields are valid, but minute 60 causes syntax error.

3. Final Answer:

   Minute value 60 is invalid; minutes range from 0 to 59 -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Minute must be 0-59, 60 is invalid [OK]

Hint: Minutes in cron go 0-59, never 60 [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using 60 as minute value
• Ignoring cron field ranges
• Assuming missing hour causes error here

5. You want to schedule a Laravel command to run every weekday at 6:30 PM but only if a certain feature flag is enabled. Which is the best way to implement this in app/Console/Kernel.php?

hard

A. Use if (config('features.enable_task')) { $schedule->command('task:run')->weekdays()->at('18:30'); }

B. Schedule the command daily at 18:30 without condition

C. Use cron expression '30 18 * * 0-6' to run every day

D. Add the condition inside the command handle method instead of scheduler

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand conditional scheduling

   Laravel scheduler allows conditional scheduling by wrapping schedule calls in if statements.

2. Step 2: Use weekdays() and at() methods

   weekdays() limits to Monday-Friday, at('18:30') sets time to 6:30 PM.

3. Step 3: Apply feature flag condition

   Check config('features.enable_task') before scheduling to enable/disable task.

4. Final Answer:

   Use if (config('features.enable_task')) { $schedule->command('task:run')->weekdays()->at('18:30'); } -> Option A

5. Quick Check:

   Conditional scheduling with if + weekdays() + at() [OK]

Hint: Wrap schedule call in if to conditionally enable task [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Scheduling unconditionally ignoring feature flag
• Using wrong cron for weekdays
• Putting condition inside command instead of scheduler