CRUD with Eloquent in Laravel

Introduction

Eloquent helps you easily create, read, update, and delete data in your database using simple code.

When you want to save a new user to your database.

When you need to show a list of products on a webpage.

When you want to change details of an existing order.

When you want to remove old or unwanted records from your database.

Syntax

Laravel

Model::create([ 'column' => 'value' ]);
Model::find(id);
Model::where('column', 'value')->get();
$model = Model::find(id);
$model->column = 'new value';
$model->save();
$model->delete();

Replace Model with your Eloquent model name like User or Post.

Use create() to add, find() or where() to read, save() to update, and delete() to remove data.

Examples

Adds a new user named Alice to the database.

Laravel

User::create(['name' => 'Alice', 'email' => '[e-mail]']);

Finds the user with ID 1 and shows their name.

Laravel

$user = User::find(1);
echo $user->name;

Changes the email of user with ID 1 and saves it.

Laravel

$user = User::find(1);
$user->email = '[e-mail]';
$user->save();

Deletes the user with ID 1 from the database.

Laravel

$user = User::find(1);
$user->delete();

Sample Program

This example shows how to add a user, read their info, update their email, and then delete the user using Eloquent.

Laravel

<?php
use App\Models\User;

// Create a new user
$newUser = User::create(['name' => 'Bob', 'email' => '[e-mail]']);

// Read user by ID
$user = User::find($newUser->id);
echo "User name: " . $user->name . "\n";

// Update user email
$user->email = '[e-mail]';
$user->save();
echo "Updated email: " . $user->email . "\n";

// Delete user
$user->delete();
echo "User deleted.";

Important Notes

Make sure your model has protected $fillable set for mass assignment when using create().

Always check if find() returns a result before using it to avoid errors.

Deleting a record removes it permanently from the database.

Summary

Eloquent makes database actions simple with easy methods.

Use create(), find(), save(), and delete() for CRUD.

Always handle data carefully to avoid mistakes.

Practice

1. Which Eloquent method is used to add a new record to the database in Laravel?

easy

A. create()

B. find()

C. delete()

D. update()

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of create()

   The create() method in Eloquent is designed to add a new record to the database by passing an array of attributes.

2. Step 2: Compare with other methods

   find() retrieves a record, delete() removes a record, and update() modifies an existing record. None of these add new records.

3. Final Answer:

   create() -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Add new record = create() [OK]

Hint: Use create() to add new data fast [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing find() with create()
• Using update() to add new records
• Trying to delete() to add data

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to find a record by its ID using Eloquent?

easy

A. $user = User->find($id);

B. $user = User::findById($id);

C. $user = User::find($id);

D. $user = User.find($id);

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall Eloquent static method syntax

   Eloquent uses static methods on the model class, so User::find($id) is correct.

2. Step 2: Identify incorrect syntax

   User->find($id) is invalid because User is a class, not an object. findById() does not exist. User.find() is not PHP syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   $user = User::find($id); -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Find by ID uses ::find() [OK]

Hint: Use double colon :: for static methods [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using arrow -> on class name
• Calling non-existent findById() method
• Using dot . notation like JavaScript

3. What will be the output of this code snippet assuming a user with ID 5 exists?

$user = User::find(5);
if ($user) {
  $user->name = 'Alice';
  $user->save();
  echo 'Updated';
} else {
  echo 'Not found';
}

medium

A. Updated

B. Not found

C. Error: save() method missing

D. No output

Solution

1. Step 1: find(5) execution

   Since a user with ID 5 exists, User::find(5) returns an Eloquent model instance, making $user truthy.

2. Step 2: Update and save

   The if ($user) condition passes, so name is set to 'Alice', save() persists it to the database, and 'Updated' is echoed.

3. Final Answer:

   Updated -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Record found and saved = 'Updated' [OK]

Hint: If find() returns object, save() updates record [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming save() is missing
• Thinking find() throws error if no record
• Expecting no output when record exists

4. Identify the error in this code that tries to delete a user by ID:

$user = User::find($id);
$user->delete($id);

medium

A. delete() method does not exist in Eloquent

B. find() should be replaced with findOrFail()

C. You must call save() after delete()

D. delete() should be called without arguments

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand delete() method usage

   In Eloquent, delete() is called on the model instance without any arguments to remove that record.

2. Step 2: Identify the incorrect argument

   The code incorrectly passes $id to delete(), which expects no parameters. This causes an error.

3. Final Answer:

   delete() should be called without arguments -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   delete() takes no parameters [OK]

Hint: Call delete() directly on model instance without args [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Passing ID to delete() method
• Thinking delete() needs save() after
• Confusing delete() with static method

5. You want to update a user's email only if the user exists and the new email is not empty. Which code snippet correctly does this using Eloquent?

hard

A. $user = User::find($id);if ($newEmail) { $user->email = $newEmail; $user->save();}

B. $user = User::find($id);if ($user && !empty($newEmail)) { $user->email = $newEmail; $user->save();}

C. $user = User::findOrFail($id);$user->email = $newEmail;$user->save();

D. $user = User::where('id', $id)->update(['email' => $newEmail]);

Solution

1. Step 1: Check user existence and email validity

   $user = User::find($id);
   if ($user && !empty($newEmail)) {
     $user->email = $newEmail;
     $user->save();
   }

   checks if $user exists and $newEmail is not empty before updating, preventing errors or empty updates.

2. Step 2: Compare other options

   $user = User::find($id);
   if ($newEmail) {
     $user->email = $newEmail;
     $user->save();
   }

   skips user existence check, risking errors if user is null.

   $user = User::findOrFail($id);
   $user->email = $newEmail;
   $user->save();

   uses findOrFail() which throws exception if user missing, no email empty check.

   $user = User::where('id', $id)->update(['email' => $newEmail]);

   updates directly but does not check if $newEmail is empty.

3. Final Answer:

   $user = User::find($id);
   if ($user && !empty($newEmail)) {
     $user->email = $newEmail;
     $user->save();
   }

   -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Check user and email before save [OK]

Hint: Always check user exists and data valid before save [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Not checking if user exists before update
• Skipping validation of new email
• Using findOrFail without handling exceptions