CloudWatch metrics for DynamoDB - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Monitor DynamoDB Table with CloudWatch Metrics

📖 Scenario: You manage a DynamoDB table that stores customer orders. You want to monitor its performance and usage by tracking key CloudWatch metrics.

🎯 Goal: Build a CloudWatch monitoring setup for a DynamoDB table to track ConsumedReadCapacityUnits and ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits metrics.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a DynamoDB table named Orders with a primary key OrderId.

Define a CloudWatch metric alarm for ConsumedReadCapacityUnits.

Define a CloudWatch metric alarm for ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits.

Set up an alarm to notify when read capacity units exceed a threshold.

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Monitoring DynamoDB tables helps maintain application performance and avoid throttling by alerting you when capacity limits are approached.

💼 Career

Cloud engineers and database administrators use CloudWatch metrics and alarms to ensure database reliability and optimize resource usage.

1

Create DynamoDB Table

Create a DynamoDB table named Orders with a primary key called OrderId of type String.

DynamoDB

# Your code here to create the DynamoDB table 'Orders' with primary key 'OrderId' of type String

Hint

Use the AWS CLI aws dynamodb create-table command with the specified parameters.

2

Create CloudWatch Alarm for Read Capacity

Create a CloudWatch metric alarm named ReadCapacityFilter to monitor the ConsumedReadCapacityUnits metric for the Orders table.

DynamoDB

aws dynamodb create-table \
    --table-name Orders \
    --attribute-definitions AttributeName=OrderId,AttributeType=S \
    --key-schema AttributeName=OrderId,KeyType=HASH \
    --provisioned-throughput ReadCapacityUnits=5,WriteCapacityUnits=5
# Your code here to create CloudWatch metric alarm 'ReadCapacityFilter' for 'ConsumedReadCapacityUnits'

Hint

Use aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm to create the metric alarm for read capacity units.

3

Create CloudWatch Alarm for Write Capacity

Create a CloudWatch metric alarm named WriteCapacityFilter to monitor the ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits metric for the Orders table.

DynamoDB

aws dynamodb create-table \
    --table-name Orders \
    --attribute-definitions AttributeName=OrderId,AttributeType=S \
    --key-schema AttributeName=OrderId,KeyType=HASH \
    --provisioned-throughput ReadCapacityUnits=5,WriteCapacityUnits=5

aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm \
    --alarm-name ReadCapacityFilter \
    --metric-name ConsumedReadCapacityUnits \
    --namespace AWS/DynamoDB \
    --statistic Sum \
    --period 300 \
    --threshold 50 \
    --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold \
    --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Orders \
    --evaluation-periods 1 \
    --alarm-actions arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:NotifyMe
# Your code here to create CloudWatch metric alarm 'WriteCapacityFilter' for 'ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits'

Hint

Use aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm to create the metric alarm for write capacity units.

4

Set Alarm Threshold for Read Capacity

Update the ReadCapacityFilter alarm to trigger when the sum of ConsumedReadCapacityUnits exceeds 100 within a 5-minute period.

DynamoDB

aws dynamodb create-table \
    --table-name Orders \
    --attribute-definitions AttributeName=OrderId,AttributeType=S \
    --key-schema AttributeName=OrderId,KeyType=HASH \
    --provisioned-throughput ReadCapacityUnits=5,WriteCapacityUnits=5

aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm \
    --alarm-name ReadCapacityFilter \
    --metric-name ConsumedReadCapacityUnits \
    --namespace AWS/DynamoDB \
    --statistic Sum \
    --period 300 \
    --threshold 50 \
    --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold \
    --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Orders \
    --evaluation-periods 1 \
    --alarm-actions arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:NotifyMe

aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm \
    --alarm-name WriteCapacityFilter \
    --metric-name ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits \
    --namespace AWS/DynamoDB \
    --statistic Sum \
    --period 300 \
    --threshold 50 \
    --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold \
    --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Orders \
    --evaluation-periods 1 \
    --alarm-actions arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:NotifyMe
# Your code here to update 'ReadCapacityFilter' alarm threshold to 100

Hint

Use aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm with the updated threshold value.

Practice

1. What does the CloudWatch metric ConsumedReadCapacityUnits for a DynamoDB table represent?

easy

A. The number of read capacity units consumed by the table over a period

B. The total number of items in the table

C. The amount of storage used by the table

D. The number of write capacity units consumed by the table over a period

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the metric name

   ConsumedReadCapacityUnits clearly indicates it measures read capacity units consumed.

2. Step 2: Relate to DynamoDB usage

   Read capacity units measure how many read operations the table performs, so this metric tracks usage over time.

3. Final Answer:

   The number of read capacity units consumed by the table over a period -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   ConsumedReadCapacityUnits = Read usage [OK]

Hint: Look for 'Read' in metric name to identify read capacity usage [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing read capacity with write capacity
• Thinking it measures item count or storage size
• Assuming it shows total capacity, not consumed

2. Which AWS CLI command syntax correctly retrieves the ThrottledRequests metric for a DynamoDB table named Orders?

easy

A. aws cloudwatch list-metrics --metric ThrottledRequests --table Orders

B. aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics --metric-name ThrottledRequests --namespace AWS/DynamoDB --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Orders --start-time 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z --end-time 2024-01-01T01:00:00Z --period 60 --statistics Sum

C. aws cloudwatch describe-metrics --metric-name ThrottledRequests --table Orders

D. aws dynamodb get-metric --metric ThrottledRequests --table Orders

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify correct AWS CLI service and command

   CloudWatch metrics use aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics to retrieve metric data.

2. Step 2: Check parameters for metric retrieval

   aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics --metric-name ThrottledRequests --namespace AWS/DynamoDB --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Orders --start-time 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z --end-time 2024-01-01T01:00:00Z --period 60 --statistics Sum correctly specifies metric name, namespace, dimensions (table name), time range, period, and statistics.

3. Final Answer:

   aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics with correct parameters -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics for metrics [OK]

Hint: Use 'aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics' with proper parameters [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using 'aws dynamodb' instead of 'aws cloudwatch'
• Missing required parameters like dimensions or time range
• Using commands that only list or describe metrics, not retrieve data

3. Given the following AWS CLI command output snippet for ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits metric of a DynamoDB table:

{"Datapoints": [{"Timestamp": "2024-06-01T12:00:00Z", "Sum": 150}], "Label": "ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits"}

What does the value 150 represent?

medium

A. The maximum write capacity units allowed for the table

B. The average number of write capacity units available

C. The number of throttled write requests

D. The total number of write capacity units consumed during the specified period

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the metric and statistic

   The metric is ConsumedWriteCapacityUnits and the statistic is Sum, meaning total units consumed.

2. Step 2: Interpret the value 150

   150 is the sum of write capacity units consumed during the time period ending at the timestamp.

3. Final Answer:

   The total number of write capacity units consumed during the specified period -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Sum of consumed write units = 150 [OK]

Hint: Sum statistic means total units consumed, not average or max [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing sum with average or max
• Thinking it shows capacity limits instead of usage
• Mixing write capacity with throttled requests

4. You wrote this AWS CLI command to get the ReadThrottleEvents metric for your DynamoDB table Users but got an error:

aws cloudwatch get-metric-statistics --metric-name ReadThrottleEvents --namespace AWS/DynamoDB --dimensions TableName=Users --start-time 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z --end-time 2024-06-01T01:00:00Z --period 60 --statistics Sum

What is the error and how do you fix it?

medium

A. The period value is too small; increase it to 300

B. The metric name is invalid; use ThrottledRequests instead

C. The dimension syntax is incorrect; use --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Users

D. The start-time format is wrong; use MM-DD-YYYY

Solution

1. Step 1: Check dimension syntax in AWS CLI

   The correct syntax for dimensions is --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Users, not just TableName=Users.

2. Step 2: Fix the command by correcting dimensions

   Replace --dimensions TableName=Users with --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Users to fix the error.

3. Final Answer:

   The dimension syntax is incorrect; use --dimensions Name=TableName,Value=Users -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Dimensions need Name and Value keys [OK]

Hint: Dimensions require Name= and Value= pairs in AWS CLI [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using incorrect dimension syntax without Name= and Value=
• Confusing metric names that don't exist
• Incorrect date/time format for start-time

5. You want to monitor your DynamoDB table's performance and set an alarm if the ThrottledRequests metric exceeds 5 in any 5-minute period. Which combination of CloudWatch metric and alarm configuration is correct?

hard

A. Use metric ThrottledRequests with statistic Sum over 300 seconds period, alarm threshold > 5

B. Use metric ConsumedReadCapacityUnits with statistic Average over 60 seconds period, alarm threshold > 5

C. Use metric ThrottledRequests with statistic Maximum over 60 seconds period, alarm threshold > 5

D. Use metric ReadThrottleEvents with statistic Sum over 300 seconds period, alarm threshold > 10

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify correct metric for throttled requests

   The metric ThrottledRequests tracks throttling events, so it is the right choice.

2. Step 2: Choose appropriate statistic and period

   Sum over 300 seconds (5 minutes) aggregates total throttled requests in that period, matching the alarm condition.

3. Step 3: Set alarm threshold correctly

   Alarm triggers if sum exceeds 5, matching the requirement.

4. Final Answer:

   Use metric ThrottledRequests with statistic Sum over 300 seconds period, alarm threshold > 5 -> Option A

5. Quick Check:

   Sum over 5 minutes > 5 throttled requests triggers alarm [OK]

Hint: Sum metric over 5 minutes matches throttled requests count [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using wrong metric like ConsumedReadCapacityUnits
• Choosing Average or Maximum instead of Sum for count
• Setting period too short to capture throttling spikes