Create and Initialize Doubly Linked List in DSA Typescript - Time & Space Complexity

Time Complexity: Create and Initialize Doubly Linked List

O(n)

Understanding Time Complexity

When we create and initialize a doubly linked list, we want to know how the time needed grows as we add more items.

We ask: How does the work change when the list gets bigger?

Scenario Under Consideration

Analyze the time complexity of the following code snippet.

class Node {
  value: number;
  prev: Node | null = null;
  next: Node | null = null;
  constructor(value: number) {
    this.value = value;
  }
}

function createDoublyLinkedList(values: number[]): Node | null {
  if (values.length === 0) return null;
  let head = new Node(values[0]);
  let current = head;
  for (let i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
    let newNode = new Node(values[i]);
    current.next = newNode;
    newNode.prev = current;
    current = newNode;
  }
  return head;
}

This code creates a doubly linked list from an array of numbers by linking nodes forward and backward.

Identify Repeating Operations

• Primary operation: The for-loop that creates and links each new node.
• How many times: It runs once for each element after the first in the input array.

How Execution Grows With Input

Each new value requires creating a node and linking it, so the work grows directly with the number of values.

Input Size (n)	Approx. Operations
10	About 10 node creations and links
100	About 100 node creations and links
1000	About 1000 node creations and links

Pattern observation: The work increases evenly as the input size grows.

Final Time Complexity

Time Complexity: O(n)

This means the time to create the list grows in a straight line with the number of items.

Common Mistake

[X] Wrong: "Creating a doubly linked list takes more than linear time because of the backward links."

[OK] Correct: Each backward link is set immediately when the node is created, so it does not add extra loops or repeated work beyond the single pass.

Interview Connect

Understanding this helps you explain how data structures build up step-by-step, showing you can analyze simple loops and link operations clearly.

Self-Check

"What if we added a nested loop inside the creation to check for duplicates? How would the time complexity change?"

Practice

1. What is the main difference between a doubly linked list and a singly linked list?

easy

A. A doubly linked list stores data in arrays instead of nodes.

B. A doubly linked list does not use pointers at all.

C. A doubly linked list can only be traversed forward.

D. A doubly linked list has nodes with pointers to both previous and next nodes.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand node structure in doubly linked list

   Each node in a doubly linked list contains data and two pointers: one to the previous node and one to the next node.

2. Step 2: Compare with singly linked list

   A singly linked list node has only one pointer to the next node, so it can only be traversed forward.

3. Final Answer:

   A doubly linked list has nodes with pointers to both previous and next nodes. -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Doubly linked list = two pointers per node [OK]

Hint: Remember: doubly means two pointers per node [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking doubly linked list uses arrays
• Assuming it can only go forward
• Confusing pointer usage

2. Which of the following TypeScript code snippets correctly defines a node class for a doubly linked list?

easy

A. class Node { data: number; next: Node; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.next = null; } }

B. class Node { data: number; next: Node | null; prev: Node | null; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.next = null; this.prev = null; } }

C. class Node { data: number; prev: Node; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.prev = null; } }

D. class Node { data: number; next: number; prev: number; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.next = 0; this.prev = 0; } }

Solution

1. Step 1: Check for both next and prev pointers

   class Node { data: number; next: Node | null; prev: Node | null; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.next = null; this.prev = null; } } defines both next and prev as Node or null, which is correct for doubly linked list nodes.

2. Step 2: Verify constructor initialization

   class Node { data: number; next: Node | null; prev: Node | null; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.next = null; this.prev = null; } } initializes next and prev to null, which is proper for a new node.

3. Final Answer:

   class Node { data: number; next: Node | null; prev: Node | null; constructor(data: number) { this.data = data; this.next = null; this.prev = null; } } -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Node class needs next and prev pointers [OK]

Hint: Look for both next and prev properties initialized to null [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Missing prev pointer in node class
• Using wrong types for pointers
• Initializing pointers with numbers instead of null

3. What will be the output of the following TypeScript code that creates a doubly linked list with nodes 10, 20, 30 and prints the list forward?

class Node {
  data: number;
  next: Node | null;
  prev: Node | null;
  constructor(data: number) {
    this.data = data;
    this.next = null;
    this.prev = null;
  }
}

class DoublyLinkedList {
  head: Node | null = null;

  append(data: number) {
    const newNode = new Node(data);
    if (!this.head) {
      this.head = newNode;
      return;
    }
    let current = this.head;
    while (current.next) {
      current = current.next;
    }
    current.next = newNode;
    newNode.prev = current;
  }

  printForward() {
    let current = this.head;
    let result = '';
    while (current) {
      result += current.data + ' -> ';
      current = current.next;
    }
    result += 'null';
    console.log(result);
  }
}

const list = new DoublyLinkedList();
list.append(10);
list.append(20);
list.append(30);
list.printForward();

medium

A. 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> null

B. 30 -> 20 -> 10 -> null

C. null -> 10 -> 20 -> 30

D. 10 -> 20 -> null

Solution

1. Step 1: Append nodes 10, 20, 30 in order

   Nodes are added at the end, so list order is 10, then 20, then 30.

2. Step 2: Print list forward

   printForward traverses from head to next nodes, printing data with arrows, ending with null.

3. Final Answer:

   10 -> 20 -> 30 -> null -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Appending adds to tail, printForward shows 10 to 30 [OK]

Hint: Appending adds nodes at tail; printForward shows head to tail [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing print order as reversed
• Missing last node in output
• Printing null at start instead of end

4. Identify the error in the following TypeScript code that tries to append a node to a doubly linked list:

class Node {
  data: number;
  next: Node | null;
  prev: Node | null;
  constructor(data: number) {
    this.data = data;
    this.next = null;
    this.prev = null;
  }
}

class DoublyLinkedList {
  head: Node | null = null;

  append(data: number) {
    const newNode = new Node(data);
    if (!this.head) {
      this.head = newNode;
      return;
    }
    let current = this.head;
    while (current.next) {
      current = current.next;
    }
    current.next = newNode;
    // Missing line here
  }
}

medium

A. The code misses setting newNode.prev to current before appending.

B. The code should set head to newNode even if head exists.

C. The constructor should initialize next and prev to undefined, not null.

D. The while loop should check current.prev instead of current.next.

Solution

1. Step 1: Check append logic for doubly linked list

   When appending, newNode.prev must point to current (the last node) to maintain backward link.

2. Step 2: Identify missing pointer assignment

   The code sets current.next = newNode but does not set newNode.prev = current, breaking backward link.

3. Final Answer:

   The code misses setting newNode.prev to current before appending. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   newNode.prev must link to previous node [OK]

Hint: Always set newNode.prev = last node when appending [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting to set newNode.prev
• Changing head incorrectly
• Checking wrong pointer in loop

5. You want to create a doubly linked list from an array of numbers [5, 15, 25] and then reverse the list by changing pointers (not data). Which sequence of pointer changes correctly reverses the list?

hard

A. For each node, set next to prev and leave prev unchanged; head remains same.

B. For each node, set next to null and prev to null; then append nodes in reverse order.

C. For each node, swap its next and prev pointers; then update head to last node.

D. For each node, swap data values instead of pointers; head stays unchanged.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand reversing a doubly linked list by pointers

   Reversing means for each node, next and prev pointers must be swapped to reverse direction.

2. Step 2: Update head pointer

   After swapping pointers, head must point to the original tail (last node) to reflect new start.

3. Final Answer:

   For each node, swap its next and prev pointers; then update head to last node. -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Swap next and prev, then reset head [OK]

Hint: Swap next and prev pointers on all nodes, then reset head [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Only swapping data, not pointers
• Not updating head after reversal
• Setting pointers to null incorrectly