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When a file size exceeds the capacity of direct block pointers in an inode, which pattern best describes how the file system locates additional data blocks?

easy🔍 Pattern Recognition Q2 of Q15
Operating Systems - Inode Structure - File Metadata & Block Pointers
When a file size exceeds the capacity of direct block pointers in an inode, which pattern best describes how the file system locates additional data blocks?
AStoring all block addresses in a separate file allocation table
BAppending new direct pointers dynamically in the inode
CUsing a multi-level tree of indirect block pointers
DUsing a hash map inside the inode to map offsets to blocks
Step-by-Step Solution
Solution:
  1. Step 1: Recall inode indirect pointer usage

    When direct pointers are exhausted, inodes use single, double, and triple indirect pointers forming a multi-level tree structure.
  2. Step 2: Evaluate options

    Appending direct pointers (B) is not possible as inode size is fixed. File allocation tables (A) are used in FAT file systems, not Unix inodes. Hash maps (D) are not used in inode structures.
  3. Final Answer:

    Option C -> Option C
  4. Quick Check:

    Indirect pointers form a tree to extend block addressing [OK]
Quick Trick: Indirect pointers create a tree, not dynamic direct pointers [OK]
Common Mistakes:
MISTAKES
  • Assuming inode can grow direct pointers dynamically
Trap Explanation:
PITFALL
  • Candidates confuse inode fixed size with dynamic pointer addition or confuse inode with FAT systems.
Interviewer Note:
CONTEXT
  • Checks understanding of inode indirect pointer hierarchy for large files.
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