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Divisibility Rules

Introduction

Divisibility rules हमें यह check करने में मदद करती हैं कि कोई number दूसरे number से divisible है या नहीं, वो भी long division किए बिना। ये shortcuts aptitude problems को जल्दी solve करने में बहुत useful होती हैं, खासकर बड़े numbers के साथ।

Pattern: Divisibility Rules

Pattern

Divisibility rules simple checks होती हैं (digits या digit sum पर आधारित) जिनसे हम decide कर सकते हैं कि कोई number दूसरे number से divisible है या नहीं।

  • By 2: Last digit 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 (even) हो।
  • By 3: Digits का sum 3 से divisible हो।
  • By 4: Last two digits 4 से divisible हों।
  • By 5: Last digit 0 या 5 हो।
  • By 6: Number 2 और 3 दोनों से divisible हो।
  • By 8: Last three digits 8 से divisible हों।
  • By 9: Digits का sum 9 से divisible हो।
  • By 10: Last digit 0 हो।
  • By 11: (Odd places का sum - Even places का sum) 11 से divisible हो।
  • By 12: Number 3 और 4 दोनों से divisible हो।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

Check करें कि 4,356 क्या 3, 4 और 11 से divisible है?

Solution

  1. Step 1: Divisibility by 3:

    Rule: Number divisible है 3 से अगर digits का sum 3 से divisible हो। Sum = 4 + 3 + 5 + 6 = 18 → 18, 3 से divisible है। ✅ इसलिए 4356, 3 से divisible है।
  2. Step 2: Divisibility by 4:

    Rule: Number divisible है 4 से अगर उसकी last two digits 4 से divisible हों। Last two digits = 56 → 56 ÷ 4 = 14 (exact). ✅ इसलिए 4356, 4 से divisible है।
  3. Step 3: Divisibility by 11:

    Rule: Number divisible है 11 से अगर odd और even place digits के sum का difference 11 से divisible हो। Odd place digits (left से): 4 + 5 = 9 Even place digits: 3 + 6 = 9 Difference = 9 - 9 = 0 → 11 से divisible। ✅ इसलिए 4356, 11 से divisible है।
  4. Final Answer:

    4356, 3, 4 और 11 तीनों से divisible है।
  5. Quick Check:

    4356 ÷ 3 = 1452, 4356 ÷ 4 = 1089, 4356 ÷ 11 = 396 → तीनों exact हैं। ✅

Quick Variations

1. Divisibility by 7 → Last digit को double करें और बाकी number से subtract करें। Result 7 से divisible होना चाहिए।

2. Divisibility by 13 → Repeated subtraction/addition rules patterns पर आधारित।

3. Combined divisibility tests (जैसे 15 → 3 और 5 दोनों check करें)।

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1: 3 और 9 के लिए digit sum rules use करें।
  • Step 2: 4 और 8 के लिए last two/three digits देखें।
  • Step 3: 11 के लिए alternating digit sum rule use करें।
  • Step 4: Combined divisibility (जैसे 6, 12, 15) के लिए multiple rules साथ में check करें।

Summary

Summary

Divisibility Rules pattern में:

  • Digit sum rules 3, 9 और 11 पर काम करते हैं।
  • Last digit(s) rules 2, 4, 5, 8, 10 पर काम करते हैं।
  • Combined divisibility 6, 12, 15 आदि के लिए लागू होती है।
  • 7, 13, 17 जैसी numbers के लिए special rules होते हैं, पर exams में rare होते हैं।

Practice

(1/5)
1. Check if 248 is divisible by 2, 4, and 8.
easy
A. Yes, by all three
B. Only by 2
C. By 2 and 4 only
D. Not divisible by any

Solution

  1. Step 1: Divisibility by 2:

    Rule: Last digit even → 8 is even → divisible by 2.
  2. Step 2: Divisibility by 4:

    Rule: Last two digits divisible by 4 → 48 ÷ 4 = 12 → divisible by 4.
  3. Step 3: Divisibility by 8:

    Rule: Last three digits divisible by 8 → 248 ÷ 8 = 31 → divisible by 8.
  4. Final Answer:

    248 is divisible by 2, 4, and 8 → Option A.
  5. Quick Check:

    248 ÷ 2 = 124, 248 ÷ 4 = 62, 248 ÷ 8 = 31 ✅
Hint: Check last digit for 2, last two digits for 4, last three digits for 8.
Common Mistakes: Stopping after checking divisibility by 2 and not testing 4 or 8.
2. Which of the following is divisible by 9?
easy
A. 135
B. 224
C. 472
D. 811

Solution

  1. Step 1: Rule for 9:

    If sum of digits is divisible by 9, the number is divisible by 9.
  2. Step 2: Compute sums:

    135 → 1+3+5 = 9 (divisible by 9). 224 → 2+2+4 = 8 (not). 472 → 4+7+2 = 13 (not). 811 → 8+1+1 = 10 (not).
  3. Final Answer:

    Only 135 is divisible by 9 → Option A.
  4. Quick Check:

    135 ÷ 9 = 15 ✅
Hint: Use digit-sum test for 9 instead of long division.
Common Mistakes: Trying to divide each number instead of applying the digit-sum rule.
3. Which number is divisible by both 2 and 5?
easy
A. 125
B. 260
C. 473
D. 589

Solution

  1. Step 1: Rule for 10:

    Number divisible by both 2 and 5 must end with 0.
  2. Step 2: Check options:

    125 ends with 5 (no). 260 ends with 0 (yes). 473 ends with 3 (no). 589 ends with 9 (no).
  3. Final Answer:

    260 is divisible by 10 → Option B.
  4. Quick Check:

    260 ÷ 10 = 26 ✅
Hint: For divisibility by 10, check if the last digit is 0.
Common Mistakes: Confusing divisibility by 5 (ends with 0 or 5) with divisibility by 10 (must end with 0).
4. What is the remainder when 3,652 is divided by 11?
medium
A. 1
B. 2
C. 0
D. 3

Solution

  1. Step 1: Rule for 11:

    Compute (sum of digits in odd positions) - (sum of digits in even positions). If result is divisible by 11 (including 0), remainder is 0.
  2. Step 2: Apply to 3652:

    Digits (from left): 3, 6, 5, 2. Sum odd positions = 3 + 5 = 8. Sum even positions = 6 + 2 = 8. Difference = 8 - 8 = 0.
  3. Final Answer:

    Difference 0 → 3652 is divisible by 11 → remainder = 0Option C.
  4. Quick Check:

    3652 ÷ 11 = 332 with remainder 0 ✅
Hint: Use alternating digit-sum difference to test divisibility by 11 quickly.
Common Mistakes: Applying the rule incorrectly by using wrong digit positions or order.
5. Which of the following numbers is divisible by both 3 and 4 (i.e., by 12)?
medium
A. 125
B. 140
C. 148
D. 144

Solution

  1. Step 1: Rule for 12:

    Number must be divisible by both 3 and 4.
  2. Step 2: Check options:

    125 → digit sum 1+2+5 = 8 (not divisible by 3) → not divisible by 12. 140 → digit sum 1+4+0 = 5 (not divisible by 3) → not divisible. 148 → digit sum 1+4+8 = 13 (not divisible by 3) → not divisible. 144 → digit sum 1+4+4 = 9 (divisible by 3) and last two digits 44 ÷ 4 = 11 (divisible by 4) → divisible by 12.
  3. Final Answer:

    144 is divisible by 12 → Option D.
  4. Quick Check:

    144 ÷ 12 = 12 ✅
Hint: For 12, verify both 3 (digit sum) and 4 (last two digits) rules.
Common Mistakes: Checking only 3 or only 4 instead of both conditions for 12.

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