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Client–Server vs Peer-to-Peer Networks

Introduction

Network architecture यह define करता है कि computers resources कैसे share करते हैं और communicate करते हैं। Client-Server और Peer-to-Peer networks की comparison पर questions banking और SSC exams में common होते हैं क्योंकि ये conceptual understanding और real-world application को test करते हैं।

Pattern: Client–Server vs Peer-to-Peer Networks

Pattern

Client-Server networks resources को control करने के लिए एक central server का use करते हैं, जबकि Peer-to-Peer networks में सभी computers बिना central server के resources को equally share करते हैं।

Step-by-Step Example

Question

किस type के network में एक dedicated central computer resources manage करता है और अन्य computers को services provide करता है?

Options:
A. Peer-to-Peer network
B. Distributed network
C. Client-Server network
D. Ring network

Solution

  1. Step 1: Control structure को पहचानें

    Question में resources manage करने वाले एक dedicated central computer की बात की गई है।

  2. Step 2: Network architecture से match करें

    Client-Server network में server centrally data और services को control करता है।

  3. Final Answer:

    Client-Server network → Option C

  4. Quick Check:

    Central server की presence Client-Server architecture को confirm करती है ✅

Quick Variations

• Central control के बिना network → Peer-to-Peer

• Banks और large organisations में used network → Client-Server

• Home computers के बीच file sharing → Peer-to-Peer

Trick to Always Use

  • Step 1 → Central control और security → Client-Server
  • Step 2 → सभी computers का equal status → Peer-to-Peer

Summary

Summary

  • Client-Server networks में एक central server होता है।
  • Peer-to-Peer networks में dedicated server नहीं होता।
  • Client-Server बेहतर security और control provide करता है।
  • Peer-to-Peer simple और low-cost होता है।

याद रखने का example:
Bank network → Client-Server, Home sharing → Peer-to-Peer

Practice

(1/5)
1. In which type of network do all computers have equal status and can share resources directly with each other?
easy
A. Peer-to-Peer network
B. Client–Server network
C. Star network
D. Ring network

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify control structure

    The question mentions equal status for all computers.

  2. Step 2: Match with network type

    In a Peer-to-Peer network, all computers can act as both client and server.

  3. Final Answer:

    Peer-to-Peer network → Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    No central server indicates Peer-to-Peer architecture ✅
Hint: Equal computers with no server = Peer-to-Peer.
Common Mistakes: Assuming a server always exists in every network.
2. Which type of network is most suitable for small home networks due to its simplicity and low cost?
easy
A. Client–Server network
B. Peer-to-Peer network
C. Wide Area Network
D. Metropolitan Area Network

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify usage scenario

    The question refers to small home networks.

  2. Step 2: Match with network characteristics

    Peer-to-Peer networks are simple, low-cost, and easy to set up.

  3. Final Answer:

    Peer-to-Peer network → Option B

  4. Quick Check:

    Home file sharing commonly uses Peer-to-Peer networks ✅
Hint: Small and low-cost setup = Peer-to-Peer.
Common Mistakes: Choosing Client-Server even for very small networks.
3. Which network type provides better security and centralised control over data?
easy
A. Peer-to-Peer network
B. Mesh network
C. Client–Server network
D. Bus network

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify the requirement

    The question focuses on security and central control.

  2. Step 2: Match with network architecture

    Client-Server networks centralise data and access control on servers.

  3. Final Answer:

    Client-Server network → Option C

  4. Quick Check:

    Central authentication improves security in Client-Server systems ✅
Hint: Central control and security = Client-Server.
Common Mistakes: Thinking Peer-to-Peer can offer the same level of security.
4. In which type of network does failure of a central server affect the entire network?
medium
A. Client–Server network
B. Peer-to-Peer network
C. Ring network
D. Mesh network

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify the single point of failure

    The question mentions a central server.

  2. Step 2: Match with network dependency

    Client-Server networks depend heavily on the central server.

  3. Final Answer:

    Client-Server network → Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    Server failure disrupts services for all clients ✅
Hint: Central server failure = Client-Server impact.
Common Mistakes: Assuming Peer-to-Peer also has a central failure point.
5. Which type of network is commonly used in large organisations like banks and universities?
medium
A. Peer-to-Peer network
B. Ring network
C. Bus network
D. Client–Server network

Solution

  1. Step 1: Identify organisational scale

    The question refers to large organisations.

  2. Step 2: Match with network needs

    Client-Server networks support scalability, control, and security.

  3. Final Answer:

    Client-Server network → Option D

  4. Quick Check:

    Banks rely on central servers for secure data management ✅
Hint: Large organisation networks = Client-Server.
Common Mistakes: Choosing Peer-to-Peer for enterprise environments.

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