InfluxDB for time-series data in Raspberry Pi - Mini Project: Build & Apply

InfluxDB for Time-Series Data on Raspberry Pi

📖 Scenario: You have a Raspberry Pi collecting temperature data every minute. You want to store this data in InfluxDB, a database designed for time-series data. This project will guide you to create a simple Python script that writes temperature readings to InfluxDB and then queries the stored data.

🎯 Goal: Build a Python script that connects to InfluxDB, writes temperature data points, and retrieves the stored data to display it.

📋 What You'll Learn

Use the influxdb-client Python library to connect to InfluxDB

Create a data point with measurement, tags, fields, and timestamp

Write data points to InfluxDB

Query data points from InfluxDB

Print the queried data

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Storing and analyzing sensor data like temperature, humidity, or CPU usage over time on a Raspberry Pi.

💼 Career

Skills in time-series databases and IoT data handling are valuable for roles in data engineering, IoT development, and system monitoring.

1

Setup InfluxDB Client Connection

Import InfluxDBClient from influxdb_client and create a client instance called client connecting to "http://localhost:8086" with token "my-token" and org "my-org".

Raspberry Pi

# Import InfluxDBClient and create client connection
# Your code here

Hint

Use InfluxDBClient constructor with url, token, and org parameters.

2

Create Write API and Prepare Data Point

Create a write API instance called write_api from client.write_api(). Then create a data point string called point with measurement "temperature", tag location="office", field value=23.5, and current timestamp using InfluxDB line protocol format.

Raspberry Pi

from influxdb_client import InfluxDBClient

client = InfluxDBClient(url="http://localhost:8086", token="my-token", org="my-org")
# Create write_api and prepare data point string
# Your code here

Hint

Use client.write_api() to get the write API. The data point string uses the format: measurement,tag=value field=value.

3

Write Data Point to InfluxDB

Use write_api.write() to write the point to bucket "my-bucket" and org "my-org".

Raspberry Pi

from influxdb_client import InfluxDBClient

client = InfluxDBClient(url="http://localhost:8086", token="my-token", org="my-org")

write_api = client.write_api()

point = "temperature,location=office value=23.5"
# Write the point to InfluxDB
# Your code here

Hint

Call write_api.write() with bucket, org, and record parameters.

4

Query and Print Stored Temperature Data

Create a query API instance called query_api from client.query_api(). Write a Flux query string query to select all temperature values from bucket "my-bucket" in the last 1 hour. Use query_api.query() to run the query and print each record's _time and _value.

Raspberry Pi

from influxdb_client import InfluxDBClient

client = InfluxDBClient(url="http://localhost:8086", token="my-token", org="my-org")

write_api = client.write_api()

point = "temperature,location=office value=23.5"

write_api.write(bucket="my-bucket", org="my-org", record=point)
# Query and print temperature data
# Your code here

Hint

Use client.query_api() to get the query API. Write a Flux query string to select data from the last hour. Loop through results and print time and value.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of InfluxDB when used with a Raspberry Pi?

easy

A. To run a web server for hosting websites

B. To control GPIO pins directly

C. To compile Python programs

D. To store and manage time-series data like sensor readings

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand InfluxDB's role

   InfluxDB is designed to store time-series data, which means data points collected over time, such as sensor readings.

2. Step 2: Compare with other options

   Running a web server, compiling Python, or controlling GPIO pins are not the main functions of InfluxDB.

3. Final Answer:

   To store and manage time-series data like sensor readings -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   InfluxDB = time-series data storage [OK]

Hint: InfluxDB is for time-stamped data storage [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing InfluxDB with web servers
• Thinking InfluxDB compiles code
• Assuming InfluxDB controls hardware pins

2. Which Python code snippet correctly writes a data point to InfluxDB on a Raspberry Pi?

easy

A. client.write_point('temperature', tags={'room':'kitchen'}, fields={'value':22.5})

B. client.write_points([{'measurement':'temperature','tags':{'room':'kitchen'},'fields':{'value':22.5}}])

C. client.write('temperature', {'room':'kitchen'}, 22.5)

D. client.insert_point('temperature', {'room':'kitchen'}, {'value':22.5})

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall correct method name and parameters

   The InfluxDB Python client uses the method write_points to write data points, and it expects a list of dictionaries with keys 'measurement', 'tags', and 'fields'.

2. Step 2: Check each option

   client.write_points([{'measurement':'temperature','tags':{'room':'kitchen'},'fields':{'value':22.5}}]) matches the correct method and data structure. Options B, C, and D use incorrect method names or parameter formats.

3. Final Answer:

   client.write_points([{'measurement':'temperature','tags':{'room':'kitchen'},'fields':{'value':22.5}}]) -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use write_points with list of dicts [OK]

Hint: Use write_points with list of dicts for data [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using wrong method names like write_point or insert_point
• Passing dict instead of list of dicts
• Incorrect parameter structure

3. Given this Python code on Raspberry Pi using InfluxDB client:

data = [{"measurement": "humidity", "tags": {"room": "bedroom"}, "fields": {"value": 45}}]
client.write_points(data)
result = client.query('SELECT * FROM humidity WHERE room = \'bedroom\'')
print(list(result.get_points()))

What will be the output?

medium

A. SyntaxError

B. []

C. [{'time': '...', 'room': 'bedroom', 'value': 45}]

D. None

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand data insertion

   The code writes one data point with measurement 'humidity', tag 'room'='bedroom', and field 'value'=45. This data is stored in InfluxDB.

2. Step 2: Query and print results

   The query selects all points from 'humidity' where 'room'='bedroom'. Since the data was just inserted, the query returns that point. Printing the list of points shows a list with one dictionary containing time, room, and value keys.

3. Final Answer:

   [{'time': '...', 'room': 'bedroom', 'value': 45}] -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Inserted data queried returns list with one point [OK]

Hint: Inserted points appear in query results as dicts [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting empty list if data was inserted
• Confusing syntax error with query result
• Assuming None is returned from query

4. This Python code snippet on Raspberry Pi tries to write data to InfluxDB but fails:

data = {'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'office'}, 'fields': {'value': 21.0}}
client.write_points(data)

What is the error and how to fix it?

medium

A. Error: write_points expects a list of points; fix by wrapping data in a list

B. Error: 'fields' key missing; fix by adding 'fields' key

C. Error: 'measurement' must be a string; fix by converting to string

D. No error; code works fine

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify method parameter requirements

   The write_points method requires a list of data points, even if only one point is written.

2. Step 2: Analyze given code

   The code passes a single dictionary instead of a list containing that dictionary, causing an error.

3. Final Answer:

   Error: write_points expects a list of points; fix by wrapping data in a list -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   write_points needs list of dicts [OK]

Hint: Always pass a list to write_points even for one point [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Passing dict instead of list to write_points
• Missing 'fields' key in data point
• Assuming no error occurs

5. You want to store temperature readings from multiple rooms on a Raspberry Pi using InfluxDB. Which Python code correctly writes two points with tags and fields in one call?

hard

A. client.write_points([
{'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'living'}, 'fields': {'value': 20}},
{'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'bedroom'}, 'fields': {'value': 22}}
])

B. client.write_points({
'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': ['living', 'bedroom']}, 'fields': {'value': [20, 22]}
})

C. client.write_points([
{'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'living', 'bedroom'}, 'fields': {'value': 20, 22}}
])

D. client.write_points('temperature', tags={'room': ['living', 'bedroom']}, fields={'value': [20, 22]})

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand data structure for multiple points

   Each data point must be a dictionary with 'measurement', 'tags', and 'fields'. Multiple points are passed as a list of such dictionaries.

2. Step 2: Evaluate options

   client.write_points([ {'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'living'}, 'fields': {'value': 20}}, {'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'bedroom'}, 'fields': {'value': 22}} ]) correctly uses a list of two dictionaries, each with proper tags and fields. Options A, B, and C misuse data structures or method parameters.

3. Final Answer:

   client.write_points([ {'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'living'}, 'fields': {'value': 20}}, {'measurement': 'temperature', 'tags': {'room': 'bedroom'}, 'fields': {'value': 22}} ]) -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   List of dicts for multiple points [OK]

Hint: Send multiple points as list of dicts with tags and fields [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Passing lists inside tags or fields instead of separate points
• Incorrect method parameters
• Combining tags incorrectly in one dict