Button with interrupt (GPIO.add_event_detect) in Raspberry Pi - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Button with interrupt (GPIO.add_event_detect)

📖 Scenario: You have a Raspberry Pi connected to a physical button. You want to detect when the button is pressed without constantly checking its state. Using an interrupt, your program will respond immediately when the button is pressed.

🎯 Goal: Build a Python program that sets up a button on GPIO pin 18 and uses GPIO.add_event_detect to run a function when the button is pressed.

📋 What You'll Learn

Use the RPi.GPIO library

Set up GPIO pin 18 as input with a pull-up resistor

Create a function called button_pressed that prints 'Button was pressed!'

Use GPIO.add_event_detect to call button_pressed on a falling edge

Keep the program running to listen for button presses

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Physical buttons are often used in Raspberry Pi projects to control devices or trigger actions immediately without delay.

💼 Career

Understanding GPIO interrupts is important for embedded systems, IoT devices, and hardware interfacing roles.

1

Set up GPIO and button pin

Import the RPi.GPIO library as GPIO. Set the GPIO mode to GPIO.BCM. Create a variable called button_pin and set it to 18. Set up button_pin as an input with a pull-up resistor using GPIO.setup.

Raspberry Pi

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

# Set GPIO mode to BCM
# Your code here

Hint

Use GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) to select pin numbering. Use GPIO.setup with pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP to enable the pull-up resistor.

2

Create the button press handler function

Define a function called button_pressed that takes one argument called channel. Inside the function, write a print statement that outputs exactly "Button was pressed!".

Raspberry Pi

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
button_pin = 18
GPIO.setup(button_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

# Define button_pressed function
# Your code here

Hint

The function must have one parameter named channel. Use print("Button was pressed!") inside the function.

3

Add event detection for the button press

Use GPIO.add_event_detect on button_pin to detect a falling edge. Set the callback to the button_pressed function.

Raspberry Pi

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
button_pin = 18
GPIO.setup(button_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

def button_pressed(channel):
    print("Button was pressed!")

# Add event detection for button press
# Your code here

Hint

Use GPIO.add_event_detect(button_pin, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_pressed, bouncetime=200) to detect button presses and avoid bouncing.

4

Keep the program running to listen for button presses

Write a try block with an infinite while True loop that does nothing (use pass). Add an except KeyboardInterrupt block that calls GPIO.cleanup(). This keeps the program running and cleans up GPIO on exit.

Raspberry Pi

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
button_pin = 18
GPIO.setup(button_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

def button_pressed(channel):
    print("Button was pressed!")

GPIO.add_event_detect(button_pin, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_pressed, bouncetime=200)

# Keep program running and clean up on exit
# Your code here

Hint

The program should run forever until you press Ctrl+C. When the button is pressed, it prints the message. On Ctrl+C, GPIO pins are cleaned up.

Practice

1.

What is the main purpose of using GPIO.add_event_detect with a button on a Raspberry Pi?

easy

A. To increase the voltage on the button pin

B. To set the button pin as an output

C. To disable the button input temporarily

D. To detect button presses instantly without constantly checking in a loop

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what GPIO.add_event_detect does

   This function listens for changes on a GPIO pin and triggers a callback or event without needing to check the pin repeatedly.

2. Step 2: Compare options to the function's purpose

   Only To detect button presses instantly without constantly checking in a loop correctly describes the purpose: detecting button presses instantly without polling.

3. Final Answer:

   To detect button presses instantly without constantly checking in a loop -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Event detection = instant button press response [OK]

Hint: Think: event means reacting immediately, no waiting loop needed [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing input and output pin setup
• Thinking it disables the button
• Assuming it changes voltage levels

2.

Which of the following is the correct syntax to add an event detect for a button press on GPIO pin 17 for a falling edge?

GPIO.add_event_detect(____, GPIO.FALLING, callback=my_callback)

easy

A. 17

B. '17'

C. GPIO.FALLING

D. my_callback

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify the pin number argument

   The first argument to GPIO.add_event_detect is the pin number as an integer, here 17.

2. Step 2: Check the options for correct type

   17 uses integer 17, which is correct. '17' uses a string which is invalid. Options C and D are incorrect because they are not pin numbers.

3. Final Answer:

   17 -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Pin number must be integer 17 [OK]

Hint: Pin numbers are integers, not strings or functions [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using pin number as a string
• Passing edge type or callback as pin number
• Missing required arguments

3.

Consider this code snippet:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

button_pressed = False

def button_callback(channel):
    global button_pressed
    button_pressed = True

GPIO.add_event_detect(18, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_callback, bouncetime=200)

print("Waiting for button press...")

while not button_pressed:
    time.sleep(0.1)

print("Button was pressed!")
GPIO.cleanup()

What will be printed when the button connected to pin 18 is pressed?

medium

A. Waiting for button press...

B. Button was pressed!\nWaiting for button press...

C. Waiting for button press...\nButton was pressed!

D. No output

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand program flow before button press

   The program prints "Waiting for button press..." and then waits in a loop until button_pressed becomes True.

2. Step 2: Effect of button press and callback

   When the button is pressed, the callback sets button_pressed = True, breaking the loop and printing "Button was pressed!" before cleanup.

3. Final Answer:

   Waiting for button press... Button was pressed! -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Prints before and after button press [OK]

Hint: Callback sets flag; loop waits; prints before and after press [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking callback prints directly
• Ignoring the loop waiting for flag
• Assuming no output before press

4.

What is wrong with this code snippet that tries to detect a button press on GPIO pin 22?

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(22, GPIO.IN)

def on_press(channel):
    print("Button pressed")

GPIO.add_event_detect(22, GPIO.RISING, callback=on_press)

while True:
    pass

GPIO.cleanup()

medium

A. Missing pull-up or pull-down resistor setup on pin 22

B. Callback function should return a value

C. GPIO.cleanup() is called before the loop ends

D. Using GPIO.RISING instead of GPIO.FALLING is invalid

Solution

1. Step 1: Check pin setup for input

   The code sets pin 22 as input but does not specify pull-up or pull-down resistors, which can cause floating input and unreliable detection.

2. Step 2: Review other options

   Callback functions do not need to return values. The cleanup call is unreachable but not an error. Both RISING and FALLING edges are valid depending on wiring.

3. Final Answer:

   Missing pull-up or pull-down resistor setup on pin 22 -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Input pins need pull resistors to avoid floating [OK]

Hint: Always set pull-up/down resistors for input pins [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Ignoring pull-up/down resistor setup
• Expecting callback to return a value
• Misunderstanding edge types

5.

You want to detect both button press and release events on GPIO pin 5 using interrupts. Which code snippet correctly sets up event detection for both edges and avoids multiple triggers due to button bounce?

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)

def button_event(channel):
    if GPIO.input(channel) == GPIO.LOW:
        print("Button pressed")
    else:
        print("Button released")

# Which line correctly adds event detection?

hard

A. GPIO.add_event_detect(5, GPIO.RISING, callback=button_event)

B. GPIO.add_event_detect(5, GPIO.BOTH, callback=button_event, bouncetime=300)

C. GPIO.add_event_detect(5, GPIO.FALLING, callback=button_event, bouncetime=50)

D. GPIO.add_event_detect(5, GPIO.BOTH, callback=button_event)

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify edge detection for press and release

   To detect both press and release, use GPIO.BOTH to catch rising and falling edges.

2. Step 2: Add debounce to avoid multiple triggers

   Button bounce causes multiple events; setting bouncetime=300 ms helps debounce effectively.

3. Final Answer:

   GPIO.add_event_detect(5, GPIO.BOTH, callback=button_event, bouncetime=300) -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Both edges + debounce = correct setup [OK]

Hint: Use BOTH edges with bouncetime to catch press and release cleanly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using only RISING or FALLING edge misses events
• Forgetting debounce causes multiple prints
• Not setting pull-up resistor on input pin