LoRaWAN use cases (agriculture, smart city) in IOT Protocols - Mini Project: Build & Apply

LoRaWAN Use Cases in Agriculture and Smart City

📖 Scenario: You are working with a team that wants to understand how LoRaWAN technology can be used in real life. They want to see examples of LoRaWAN applications in agriculture and smart cities to help plan their next IoT project.

🎯 Goal: Build a simple data structure that lists LoRaWAN use cases in agriculture and smart city. Then add a filter to select use cases by category. Finally, display the filtered use cases.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a dictionary with two keys: 'agriculture' and 'smart_city', each holding a list of use case strings

Add a variable called selected_category to choose which category to filter

Use a loop to collect all use cases from the selected category into a new list

Print the filtered list of use cases

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

LoRaWAN is used in agriculture to monitor soil and crops remotely, saving water and improving yields. In smart cities, it helps manage parking, waste, and air quality efficiently.

💼 Career

Understanding LoRaWAN use cases helps IoT engineers and DevOps professionals design and deploy smart solutions that improve resource management and city living.

1

Create LoRaWAN use cases dictionary

Create a dictionary called lorawan_use_cases with two keys: 'agriculture' and 'smart_city'. The value for 'agriculture' should be a list with these exact strings: 'soil moisture monitoring', 'crop health tracking', 'livestock tracking'. The value for 'smart_city' should be a list with these exact strings: 'smart parking', 'waste management', 'air quality monitoring'.

IOT Protocols

# Create the lorawan_use_cases dictionary with agriculture and smart_city keys
# Your code here

Hint

Use curly braces {} to create a dictionary. Use square brackets [] for lists.

2

Add selected category variable

Add a variable called selected_category and set it to the string 'agriculture'.

IOT Protocols

lorawan_use_cases = {
    'agriculture': ['soil moisture monitoring', 'crop health tracking', 'livestock tracking'],
    'smart_city': ['smart parking', 'waste management', 'air quality monitoring']
}
# Set selected_category to 'agriculture'
# Your code here

Hint

Just assign the string 'agriculture' to the variable selected_category.

3

Filter use cases by selected category

Create a list called filtered_use_cases that contains all use cases from lorawan_use_cases[selected_category] using a for loop with the variable use_case.

IOT Protocols

lorawan_use_cases = {
    'agriculture': ['soil moisture monitoring', 'crop health tracking', 'livestock tracking'],
    'smart_city': ['smart parking', 'waste management', 'air quality monitoring']
}
selected_category = 'agriculture'

# Create filtered_use_cases list and add use cases from selected_category
# Your code here

Hint

Start with an empty list, then add each use case from the selected category using a loop.

4

Print the filtered use cases

Write a print statement to display the filtered_use_cases list.

IOT Protocols

lorawan_use_cases = {
    'agriculture': ['soil moisture monitoring', 'crop health tracking', 'livestock tracking'],
    'smart_city': ['smart parking', 'waste management', 'air quality monitoring']
}
selected_category = 'agriculture'
filtered_use_cases = []
for use_case in lorawan_use_cases[selected_category]:
    filtered_use_cases.append(use_case)

# Print the filtered_use_cases list
# Your code here

Hint

Use print(filtered_use_cases) to show the list on screen.

Practice

1. Which of the following is a common use case of LoRaWAN in agriculture?

easy

A. Providing high-speed internet to farmhouses

B. Streaming high-definition video from drones

C. Running heavy machinery remotely

D. Automating irrigation systems to save water

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand LoRaWAN's strengths in agriculture

   LoRaWAN is designed for low power, long-range sensor communication, ideal for monitoring and controlling irrigation.

2. Step 2: Match use cases to LoRaWAN capabilities

   Automating irrigation fits well because it uses sensors and low data rates, unlike video streaming or heavy machinery control.

3. Final Answer:

   Automating irrigation systems to save water -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Low power sensor control = Automating irrigation [OK]

Hint: LoRaWAN suits low power sensors, not heavy data tasks [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing LoRaWAN with Wi-Fi for video streaming
• Assuming LoRaWAN supports high-speed internet
• Thinking LoRaWAN controls heavy machinery directly

2. Which LoRaWAN device configuration is best for a smart city air quality sensor?

easy

A. Low power, long range, infrequent data transmission

B. High power, short range, frequent data transmission

C. High power, long range, continuous data streaming

D. Low power, short range, continuous data streaming

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify LoRaWAN device needs for air quality sensors

   Air quality sensors send small data packets and need long battery life, so low power and long range are key.

2. Step 2: Choose transmission frequency

   Infrequent data transmission saves battery and fits typical air quality monitoring.

3. Final Answer:

   Low power, long range, infrequent data transmission -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Low power + long range + infrequent = Best for sensors [OK]

Hint: Smart sensors send small data rarely to save battery [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Choosing high power which drains battery fast
• Selecting continuous streaming which wastes energy
• Ignoring range needs for city-wide coverage

3. Consider this LoRaWAN sensor code snippet for soil moisture in a farm:

sendData = () => {
  const moisture = 30;
  if (moisture < 40) {
    return 'Water plants';
  } else {
    return 'No action';
  }
}
console.log(sendData());

What will be the output?

medium

A. Water plants

B. No action

C. 30

D. undefined

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze the moisture value and condition

   The moisture variable is 30, which is less than 40, so the if condition is true.

2. Step 2: Determine the returned string

   Since condition is true, the function returns 'Water plants'.

3. Final Answer:

   Water plants -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   moisture 30 < 40 = 'Water plants' [OK]

Hint: Check if condition true or false to find output [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing return value with variable value
• Ignoring the if condition logic
• Assuming function returns moisture number

4. A LoRaWAN smart city sensor code snippet is not sending data as expected:

function sendData() {
  let pollution = 55;
  if pollution > 50 {
    return 'Alert: High pollution';
  } else {
    return 'Pollution normal';
  }
}
console.log(sendData());

What is the error in this code?

medium

A. Incorrect return statement syntax

B. Using let instead of const for pollution

C. Missing parentheses around the if condition

D. Missing semicolon after return statements

Solution

1. Step 1: Check syntax of the if statement

   The if condition must have parentheses around the condition: if (pollution > 50) {...}

2. Step 2: Verify other syntax elements

   Using let is allowed, return statements are correct, semicolons are optional in JavaScript.

3. Final Answer:

   Missing parentheses around the if condition -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   if condition needs parentheses [OK]

Hint: Always put parentheses around if conditions [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Ignoring missing parentheses in if
• Thinking let causes error here
• Focusing on semicolons instead of condition syntax

5. A farmer wants to use LoRaWAN sensors to automate watering only when soil moisture is below 35% and temperature is above 20°C. Which logic best fits this use case?

hard

A. Trigger watering if moisture < 35 OR temperature > 20

B. Trigger watering if moisture < 35 AND temperature > 20

C. Trigger watering if moisture > 35 AND temperature < 20

D. Trigger watering if moisture > 35 OR temperature < 20

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the condition requirements

   Watering should happen only when both moisture is low (<35) and temperature is high (>20).

2. Step 2: Choose correct logical operator

   AND operator ensures both conditions must be true to trigger watering.

3. Final Answer:

   Trigger watering if moisture < 35 AND temperature > 20 -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Both conditions true = AND operator [OK]

Hint: Use AND to require both conditions true [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using OR which triggers watering too often
• Reversing comparison signs
• Ignoring temperature condition