Verify login functionality with valid credentials

Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Open the login page URL

Step 2: Enter 'user@example.com' in the email input field

Step 3: Enter 'Password123!' in the password input field

Step 4: Click the login button

Step 5: Wait for the dashboard page to load

✅ Expected Result: User is redirected to the dashboard page with URL 'https://example.com/dashboard' and a welcome message is displayed

Automation Requirements - Selenium WebDriver with Python

Assertions Needed:

Verify current URL is 'https://example.com/dashboard'

Verify welcome message element is visible and contains text 'Welcome'

Best Practices:

Use explicit waits to wait for elements

Use Page Object Model to separate page interactions

Use clear and maintainable locators (id or name preferred)

Avoid hardcoded sleeps

Keep assertions focused and meaningful

Automated Solution

Testing Fundamentals

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.email_input = (By.ID, 'email')
        self.password_input = (By.ID, 'password')
        self.login_button = (By.ID, 'loginBtn')

    def open(self):
        self.driver.get('https://example.com/login')

    def login(self, email, password):
        WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.email_input)).send_keys(email)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.password_input).send_keys(password)
        self.driver.find_element(*self.login_button).click()

class DashboardPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.welcome_message = (By.ID, 'welcomeMsg')

    def is_loaded(self):
        return WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.url_to_be('https://example.com/dashboard'))

    def welcome_text(self):
        return WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.welcome_message)).text


def test_login():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    try:
        login_page = LoginPage(driver)
        dashboard_page = DashboardPage(driver)

        login_page.open()
        login_page.login('user@example.com', 'Password123!')

        assert dashboard_page.is_loaded(), 'Dashboard page did not load as expected'
        welcome = dashboard_page.welcome_text()
        assert 'Welcome' in welcome, f"Expected 'Welcome' in message but got '{welcome}'"

        print('Test passed: Login functionality works as expected.')
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_login()

This script uses Selenium WebDriver with Python to automate the login test case.

We define two page classes: LoginPage and DashboardPage to separate page interactions, following the Page Object Model.

The LoginPage class has methods to open the login page and perform login by entering email and password and clicking the login button. We use explicit waits to wait until the email input is visible before typing.

The DashboardPage class checks if the dashboard URL is loaded and retrieves the welcome message text, again using explicit waits.

The test_login function runs the test: it opens the login page, performs login, then asserts the dashboard page loaded and the welcome message contains 'Welcome'.

Finally, the driver quits to close the browser.

This approach avoids hardcoded sleeps, uses maintainable locators by ID, and keeps assertions clear and focused.

Common Mistakes - 3 Pitfalls

Using time.sleep() instead of explicit waits

Using brittle XPath locators that rely on full element paths

Mixing page actions and assertions in the test function without page objects

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different sets of valid credentials to verify login works for multiple users.

Show Hint