Verify login functionality with valid credentials

Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Enter 'user@example.com' in the email input field

Step 2: Enter 'Password123' in the password input field

Step 3: Click the 'Login' button

Step 4: Wait for the dashboard page to load

✅ Expected Result: User is redirected to the dashboard page with URL containing '/dashboard' and a welcome message is displayed

Automation Requirements - Selenium with Python

Assertions Needed:

Verify current URL contains '/dashboard'

Verify welcome message element is visible and contains text 'Welcome'

Best Practices:

Use explicit waits to wait for elements or page load

Use descriptive and maintainable locators (e.g., By.ID or By.CSS_SELECTOR)

Organize code with setup and teardown methods

Keep test steps clear and simple

Automated Solution

Testing Fundamentals

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import unittest

class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.get('https://example.com/login')
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)

    def test_valid_login(self):
        driver = self.driver
        wait = self.wait

        email_input = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, 'email')))
        email_input.send_keys('user@example.com')

        password_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password')
        password_input.send_keys('Password123')

        login_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'login-button')
        login_button.click()

        wait.until(EC.url_contains('/dashboard'))
        self.assertIn('/dashboard', driver.current_url)

        welcome_message = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, 'welcome-msg')))
        self.assertIn('Welcome', welcome_message.text)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

This test script uses Selenium with Python's unittest framework to automate the manual test case.

setUp() opens the browser and navigates to the login page.

test_valid_login() performs the steps: enters email and password, clicks login, waits for the dashboard URL, and verifies the welcome message.

Explicit waits ensure the test waits only as long as needed for elements or URL changes, improving reliability.

Locators use By.ID for clarity and maintainability.

tearDown() closes the browser after the test.

This structure keeps the test clear, efficient, and easy to maintain, showing how good test design drives efficiency.

Common Mistakes - 3 Pitfalls

Using time.sleep() instead of explicit waits

Using brittle XPath locators that rely on full element paths

Not verifying the expected page or element after login

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different sets of valid credentials

Show Hint