Accessibility testing in Testing Fundamentals - Cheat Sheet & Quick Revision

Recall & Review

beginner

What is accessibility testing in web development?

Accessibility testing checks if a website or app can be used by everyone, including people with disabilities like vision or hearing impairments.

beginner

Name two common tools used for accessibility testing.

Common tools include screen readers like NVDA or VoiceOver, and automated checkers like axe or Lighthouse.

intermediate

Why is using semantic HTML important for accessibility?

Semantic HTML uses correct tags like <nav> or <button>, helping assistive technologies understand the page structure and improve navigation.

intermediate

What role do ARIA attributes play in accessibility?

ARIA attributes add extra information to HTML elements to help screen readers understand custom controls or dynamic content that standard HTML can’t describe well.

beginner

How does keyboard navigation testing improve accessibility?

It ensures users can move through the site using only a keyboard, which is essential for people who cannot use a mouse.

Which of the following is NOT a common accessibility testing tool?

A NVDA screen reader

B Photoshop

C Lighthouse

D axe accessibility checker

Photoshop is a design tool and does not test accessibility.

What does ARIA stand for?

A Accessible Responsive Interface Attributes

B Advanced Responsive Internet Access

C Accessible Rich Internet Applications

D Application Rich Internet Accessibility

ARIA stands for Accessible Rich Internet Applications.

Why should images have alt text?

A To increase SEO keywords only

B To improve page loading speed

C To add decorative effects

D To describe images for screen readers

Alt text helps screen readers describe images to users who cannot see them.

Which HTML element is best for marking up the main navigation of a page?

A <nav>

B <footer>

C <section>

D <div>

is the semantic element for navigation links.

What is the purpose of keyboard focus indicators?

A To show where the keyboard user is on the page

B To decorate buttons

C To hide links from screen readers

D To disable keyboard navigation

Focus indicators help keyboard users see which element is active.

Explain why accessibility testing is important for websites and apps.

Think about who benefits and why it matters beyond just technical checks.

Describe how you would test a website’s accessibility manually.

Imagine you cannot use a mouse or see colors well.

Practice

1. What is the main goal of accessibility testing on a website?

easy

A. To improve the website's loading speed

B. To add more images and videos

C. To ensure the website is usable by people with disabilities

D. To increase the number of advertisements

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of accessibility testing

   Accessibility testing focuses on making websites usable for everyone, including people with disabilities.

2. Step 2: Compare options to the goal

   Only To ensure the website is usable by people with disabilities matches this goal, while others focus on unrelated aspects like speed or content.

3. Final Answer:

   To ensure the website is usable by people with disabilities -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Accessibility testing = usability for all [OK]

Hint: Focus on users with disabilities for accessibility testing [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing accessibility with performance optimization
• Thinking accessibility means adding more content
• Ignoring users with disabilities

2. Which HTML attribute is important for accessibility to describe images?

easy

A. alt

B. title

C. src

D. href

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify attribute for image description

   The alt attribute provides text descriptions for images, helping screen readers.

2. Step 2: Check other attributes

   title shows tooltips, src is image source, href is for links, none describe images for accessibility.

3. Final Answer:

   alt -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Image description attribute = alt [OK]

Hint: Use alt for image descriptions to help screen readers [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using title instead of alt for image description
• Confusing src with description
• Missing alt attribute entirely

3. Consider this HTML snippet:

<button>Click me</button>

Which accessibility improvement is best?

medium

A. Remove the button element

B. Add aria-label="Submit button" to the button

C. Change button text to "" (empty string)

D. Add style="color: white;" only

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand button accessibility

   Buttons need clear labels for screen readers; adding aria-label clarifies purpose.

2. Step 2: Evaluate other options

   Empty text or removing button removes meaning; styling alone doesn't improve accessibility.

3. Final Answer:

   Add aria-label="Submit button" to the button -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use aria-label for clear button description [OK]

Hint: Use aria-label to describe buttons clearly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Leaving buttons unlabeled
• Removing interactive elements
• Relying only on visual styles

4. You test a form and find keyboard users cannot reach the submit button. What is the likely cause?

medium

A. The button has tabindex="-1"

B. The button has a visible label

C. The button uses type="submit"

D. The button has a high contrast color

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand tabindex effect on keyboard navigation

   A tabindex="-1" removes the element from keyboard focus order, so users can't tab to it.

2. Step 2: Check other options

   Visible label, submit type, and color contrast do not block keyboard focus.

3. Final Answer:

   The button has tabindex="-1" -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   tabindex="-1" blocks keyboard focus [OK]

Hint: Check tabindex for keyboard focus issues [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing label visibility with focusability
• Ignoring tabindex attribute effects
• Assuming color affects keyboard navigation

5. You want to test if a website's color choices meet accessibility standards for contrast. Which approach is best?

hard

A. Use random colors to test visually

B. Only rely on automated tools without manual checks

C. Ignore color contrast if text is large

D. Use an automated color contrast checker and manually verify with users

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand color contrast testing methods

   Automated tools quickly check contrast ratios, but manual testing ensures real user experience.

2. Step 2: Evaluate other options

   Relying only on tools misses context; ignoring contrast or random colors do not ensure accessibility.

3. Final Answer:

   Use an automated color contrast checker and manually verify with users -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Combine automated and manual checks for best results [OK]

Hint: Combine tools and manual checks for color contrast [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Trusting only automated tools
• Ignoring contrast for large text
• Testing colors without standards