Page title and URL retrieval in Selenium Python - Framework Patterns

Framework Mode - Page title and URL retrieval

Folder Structure

selenium-python-project/
├── tests/
│   ├── test_page_info.py          # Test cases for page title and URL retrieval
├── pages/
│   ├── base_page.py                # Base page with common methods
│   ├── home_page.py                # Example page object
├── utils/
│   ├── driver_factory.py           # WebDriver setup and teardown
├── config/
│   ├── config.yaml                 # Environment and browser configs
├── reports/
│   ├── test_report.html            # Generated test reports
├── requirements.txt               # Python dependencies
└── pytest.ini                     # Pytest configuration
    

Test Framework Layers

• Driver Layer: utils/driver_factory.py manages WebDriver setup and cleanup.
• Page Objects: pages/base_page.py has common methods like get_title() and get_url(). Specific pages like home_page.py extend it.
• Tests: tests/test_page_info.py contains test functions that use page objects to verify title and URL.
• Utilities: Helpers for waits, logging, or config parsing if needed.
• Configuration: config/config.yaml stores environment URLs, browser types, and credentials.

Configuration Patterns

Use a YAML file (config/config.yaml) to store environment details and browser preferences.

# config/config.yaml
base_url: "https://example.com"
browser: "chrome"
headless: true
credentials:
  username: "testuser"
  password: "password123"
    

Load config in driver_factory.py and tests to initialize WebDriver and navigate to correct URLs.

Test Reporting and CI/CD Integration

• Use pytest with pytest-html plugin to generate readable HTML reports in reports/.
• Integrate with CI tools like GitHub Actions or Jenkins to run tests on each commit.
• Failing tests for title or URL mismatches will be clearly reported with screenshots (if implemented).
• Reports include pass/fail status and test duration for each test case.

Framework Design Principles

1. Page Object Model: Encapsulate page title and URL retrieval in base page methods to reuse across tests.
2. Explicit Waits: Wait for page load or elements before retrieving title or URL to avoid flaky tests.
3. Config Driven: Use external config files for environment and browser settings to keep tests flexible.
4. Clear Assertions: Assert page title and URL exactly to catch navigation issues early.
5. Clean Setup/Teardown: Use fixtures to initialize and quit WebDriver cleanly for each test.

Self Check Question

Where in this folder structure would you add a new method to retrieve the page title for a login page?

Key Result

Use Page Object Model with config-driven WebDriver setup to retrieve and verify page title and URL reliably.

Practice

1. Which Selenium WebDriver property is used to get the title of the current web page?

easy

A. driver.current_url

B. driver.page_source

C. driver.title

D. driver.get_title()

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of driver.title

   The driver.title property returns the title of the current page as a string.

2. Step 2: Compare with other properties

   driver.page_source returns the HTML source, driver.current_url returns the URL, and driver.get_title() is not a valid method in Selenium Python.

3. Final Answer:

   driver.title -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Page title = driver.title [OK]

Hint: Use driver.title to get page title quickly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing driver.title with driver.current_url
• Using driver.get_title() which does not exist
• Trying to get title from page_source

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to get the current page URL in Selenium Python?

easy

A. url = driver.current_url

B. url = driver.get_current_url()

C. url = driver.url()

D. url = driver.getUrl

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall the property for current URL

   In Selenium Python, driver.current_url is a property that returns the current page URL as a string.

2. Step 2: Check syntax correctness

   driver.get_current_url(), driver.url(), and driver.getUrl use invalid method names or syntax. Only url = driver.current_url is correct without parentheses.

3. Final Answer:

   url = driver.current_url -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Current URL = driver.current_url [OK]

Hint: Remember current_url is a property, not a method [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Adding parentheses to current_url like a method
• Using incorrect method names like get_current_url()
• Trying to access URL via driver.url()

3. What will be the output of the following code snippet if the browser is currently on the page with title "Welcome Page" and URL "https://example.com/home"?

print(driver.title)
print(driver.current_url)

medium

A. Welcome Page
https://example.com/home

B. https://example.com/home
Welcome Page

C. driver.title
driver.current_url

D. Error: driver.title and driver.current_url are methods

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what driver.title returns

   driver.title returns the page title string, here "Welcome Page".

2. Step 2: Understand what driver.current_url returns

   driver.current_url returns the current URL string, here "https://example.com/home".

3. Final Answer:

   Welcome Page https://example.com/home -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Title then URL printed correctly [OK]

Hint: driver.title prints title; driver.current_url prints URL [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Swapping title and URL order in output
• Thinking driver.title/current_url are methods needing ()
• Expecting variable names printed instead of values

4. You wrote the code below to print the page title and URL, but it raises an AttributeError. What is the mistake?

print(driver.get_title())
print(driver.get_current_url())

medium

A. You must import get_title and get_current_url from selenium

B. driver.get_title() and driver.get_current_url() are not valid methods in Selenium Python

C. driver.title and driver.current_url are not accessible properties

D. driver.title and driver.current_url need parentheses

Solution

1. Step 1: Check method existence in Selenium Python

   There are no methods named get_title() or get_current_url() in Selenium Python WebDriver.

2. Step 2: Use correct properties

   The correct way is to use driver.title and driver.current_url without parentheses as they are properties, not methods.

3. Final Answer:

   driver.get_title() and driver.get_current_url() are not valid methods in Selenium Python -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use properties, not get_ methods [OK]

Hint: Use driver.title and driver.current_url properties, no () [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Calling driver.title() or driver.current_url() as methods
• Trying to import non-existent get_title functions
• Confusing Selenium Python with other language APIs

5. You want to verify that after navigating to "https://example.com/login", the page title is exactly "Login Page" and the URL contains "/login". Which code snippet correctly performs these checks using Selenium Python?

hard

A. assert driver.title == "Login Page" or driver.current_url == "/login"

B. assert driver.title() == "Login Page" and driver.current_url() == "/login"

C. assert driver.get_title() == "Login Page" and driver.get_current_url() == "/login"

D. assert driver.title == "Login Page" and "/login" in driver.current_url

Solution

1. Step 1: Use correct properties and operators

   Use driver.title to get the page title and driver.current_url to get the URL. Use == to check exact title and 'in' to check substring in URL.

2. Step 2: Understand assertion logic

   Use 'and' to ensure both conditions are true. assert driver.title == "Login Page" or driver.current_url == "/login" uses 'or' which passes if only one condition is true, not both.

3. Final Answer:

   assert driver.title == "Login Page" and "/login" in driver.current_url -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Use properties and 'and' for combined checks [OK]

Hint: Use assert with driver.title and 'in' for URL substring [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Calling title or current_url as methods
• Using 'or' instead of 'and' in assertions
• Checking URL equality instead of substring