Back, forward, and refresh in Selenium Python - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test navigates between two web pages using back and forward browser buttons, then refreshes the page. It verifies the page titles at each step to ensure navigation works correctly.

Test Code - Selenium

Selenium Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import unittest

class TestNavigation(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)

    def test_back_forward_refresh(self):
        driver = self.driver
        wait = self.wait

        # Open first page
        driver.get('https://example.com')
        wait.until(EC.title_contains('Example Domain'))
        self.assertIn('Example Domain', driver.title)

        # Navigate to second page
        driver.get('https://www.iana.org/domains/reserved')
        wait.until(EC.title_contains('IANA'))
        self.assertIn('IANA', driver.title)

        # Go back to first page
        driver.back()
        wait.until(EC.title_contains('Example Domain'))
        self.assertIn('Example Domain', driver.title)

        # Go forward to second page
        driver.forward()
        wait.until(EC.title_contains('IANA'))
        self.assertIn('IANA', driver.title)

        # Refresh the current page
        driver.refresh()
        wait.until(EC.title_contains('IANA'))
        self.assertIn('IANA', driver.title)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Execution Trace - 7 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens	Browser window is open with no page loaded	-	PASS
2	Navigate to 'https://example.com'	Page loads showing 'Example Domain' title	Check page title contains 'Example Domain'	PASS
3	Navigate to 'https://www.iana.org/domains/reserved'	Page loads showing 'IANA' in title	Check page title contains 'IANA'	PASS
4	Browser navigates back to previous page	Page shows 'Example Domain' title again	Check page title contains 'Example Domain'	PASS
5	Browser navigates forward to next page	Page shows 'IANA' title again	Check page title contains 'IANA'	PASS
6	Browser refreshes current page	Page reloads and shows 'IANA' title	Check page title contains 'IANA'	PASS
7	Browser closes and test ends	Browser window closed	-	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: Page title does not match expected after navigation or refresh

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the test verify after calling driver.back()?

A The browser closes

B The page title contains 'Example Domain'

C The page URL changes to 'https://www.iana.org/domains/reserved'

D The page refreshes automatically

Key Result

Always verify page navigation by checking page titles or unique elements after back, forward, and refresh actions to ensure the browser state is as expected.