Hybrid framework architecture in Selenium Java - Build an Automation Script

Automate login functionality using Hybrid Framework

Preconditions (3)

Step 1: Open browser and navigate to the login page URL

Step 2: Enter username 'testuser' in the username input field

Step 3: Enter password 'Test@1234' in the password input field

Step 4: Click the login button

Step 5: Wait for the dashboard page to load

Step 6: Verify that the dashboard page URL contains '/dashboard'

Step 7: Verify that the welcome message 'Welcome, testuser!' is displayed

✅ Expected Result: User is successfully logged in and dashboard page is displayed with correct welcome message

Automation Requirements - Selenium WebDriver with TestNG using Hybrid Framework

Assertions Needed:

Verify current URL contains '/dashboard'

Verify welcome message text equals 'Welcome, testuser!'

Best Practices:

Use Page Object Model for page interactions

Use TestNG annotations for test setup and teardown

Use explicit waits to handle dynamic page elements

Separate test data from test scripts

Use logging for test steps

Automated Solution

Selenium Java

package tests;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import pages.LoginPage;
import pages.DashboardPage;
import java.time.Duration;

public class LoginTest {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private WebDriverWait wait;
    private LoginPage loginPage;
    private DashboardPage dashboardPage;

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() {
        // Set path to chromedriver executable if needed
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        loginPage = new LoginPage(driver, wait);
        dashboardPage = new DashboardPage(driver, wait);
    }

    @Test
    public void testValidLogin() {
        driver.get("https://example.com/login");

        loginPage.enterUsername("testuser");
        loginPage.enterPassword("Test@1234");
        loginPage.clickLoginButton();

        // Wait for dashboard page URL
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlContains("/dashboard"));

        String currentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl();
        Assert.assertTrue(currentUrl.contains("/dashboard"), "URL does not contain /dashboard");

        String welcomeText = dashboardPage.getWelcomeMessage();
        Assert.assertEquals(welcomeText, "Welcome, testuser!", "Welcome message mismatch");
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

// File: pages/LoginPage.java
package pages;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;

public class LoginPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private WebDriverWait wait;

    private By usernameField = By.id("username");
    private By passwordField = By.id("password");
    private By loginButton = By.id("loginBtn");

    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.wait = wait;
    }

    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(usernameField)).clear();
        driver.findElement(usernameField).sendKeys(username);
    }

    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(passwordField)).clear();
        driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(password);
    }

    public void clickLoginButton() {
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(loginButton)).click();
    }
}

// File: pages/DashboardPage.java
package pages;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;

public class DashboardPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private WebDriverWait wait;

    private By welcomeMessage = By.id("welcomeMsg");

    public DashboardPage(WebDriver driver, WebDriverWait wait) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.wait = wait;
    }

    public String getWelcomeMessage() {
        return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(welcomeMessage)).getText();
    }
}

This test uses Selenium WebDriver with TestNG in a hybrid framework style.

Setup: The @BeforeClass method initializes the ChromeDriver, WebDriverWait, and page objects.

Page Objects: LoginPage and DashboardPage classes encapsulate element locators and actions, following the Page Object Model pattern.

Test: The test navigates to the login page, enters username and password, clicks login, waits for the dashboard URL, and asserts the URL and welcome message.

Teardown: The @AfterClass method closes the browser.

Explicit waits ensure elements are ready before interaction, improving reliability. Separating page logic from test logic makes maintenance easier.

Common Mistakes - 4 Pitfalls

Using Thread.sleep() instead of explicit waits

Hardcoding locators inside test methods

Not closing the browser after tests

Mixing test logic and UI interaction code

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing with 3 different sets of login credentials (valid and invalid) using TestNG data provider.

Show Hint