Multi-page navigation flow in Selenium Java - Test Execution Trace

Test Overview

This test automates a user navigating through multiple pages on a website. It verifies that each page loads correctly by checking the page title after navigation.

Test Code - JUnit with Selenium WebDriver

Selenium Java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import java.time.Duration;

public class MultiPageNavigationTest {
    private WebDriver driver;
    private WebDriverWait wait;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
    }

    @Test
    public void testMultiPageNavigation() {
        // Step 1: Open homepage
        driver.get("https://example.com");
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("Example Domain"));
        assertEquals("Example Domain", driver.getTitle());

        // Step 2: Click on More Information link
        WebElement moreInfoLink = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.cssSelector("a[href='https://www.iana.org/domains/example']")));
        moreInfoLink.click();

        // Step 3: Wait for new page and verify title
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("IANA"));
        assertEquals(true, driver.getTitle().contains("IANA"));

        // Step 4: Navigate back to homepage
        driver.navigate().back();
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("Example Domain"));
        assertEquals("Example Domain", driver.getTitle());
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

Execution Trace - 7 Steps

Step	Action	System State	Assertion	Result
1	Test starts and Chrome browser opens	Browser window is open with no page loaded	-	PASS
2	Navigates to https://example.com	Homepage loads with title 'Example Domain'	Check page title equals 'Example Domain'	PASS
3	Finds 'More Information' link by CSS selector and clicks it	Browser navigates to https://www.iana.org/domains/example	Wait until page title contains 'IANA'	PASS
4	Verifies page title contains 'IANA'	Page loaded with title containing 'IANA'	Assert page title contains 'IANA'	PASS
5	Navigates back to previous page	Browser returns to https://example.com homepage	Wait until page title is 'Example Domain'	PASS
6	Verifies page title is 'Example Domain' again	Homepage displayed with correct title	Assert page title equals 'Example Domain'	PASS
7	Test ends and browser closes	Browser window closed	-	PASS

Failure Scenario

Failing Condition: The 'More Information' link is not found or not clickable

Execution Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What does the test verify after clicking the 'More Information' link?

A That the URL is exactly 'https://example.com'

B That the new page title contains 'IANA'

C That the homepage title is still 'Example Domain'

D That the browser closes immediately

Key Result

Always use explicit waits like WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions to ensure elements or page states are ready before interacting or asserting. This prevents flaky tests in multi-page navigation flows.