Verify the presence of the first <h1> tag on the homepage

Preconditions (2)

Step 1: Open the browser and navigate to https://example.com

Step 2: Locate the first <h1> tag on the page using tagName locator

Step 3: Verify that the <h1> tag is displayed

Step 4: Verify that the text inside the <h1> tag is 'Welcome to Example'

✅ Expected Result: The first <h1> tag is found, visible, and contains the text 'Welcome to Example'

Automation Requirements - Selenium WebDriver with Java

Assertions Needed:

Assert that the <h1> element is displayed

Assert that the text of the <h1> element equals 'Welcome to Example'

Best Practices:

Use explicit waits to wait for the <h1> element to be present and visible

Use By.tagName locator to find the element

Close the browser after test execution

Automated Solution

Selenium Java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

import java.time.Duration;

public class FindElementByTagNameTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set path to chromedriver if needed
        // System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");

        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        try {
            driver.get("https://example.com");

            WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
            // Wait until the <h1> element is visible
            WebElement h1Element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.tagName("h1")));

            // Assert that the element is displayed
            if (!h1Element.isDisplayed()) {
                throw new AssertionError("<h1> element is not displayed");
            }

            // Assert that the text is exactly 'Welcome to Example'
            String expectedText = "Welcome to Example";
            String actualText = h1Element.getText();
            if (!actualText.equals(expectedText)) {
                throw new AssertionError(String.format("Expected text '%s' but found '%s'", expectedText, actualText));
            }

            System.out.println("Test passed: <h1> tag found with correct text.");
        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

This test script uses Selenium WebDriver with Java to automate the manual test case.

First, it opens the Chrome browser and navigates to the homepage URL.

It uses an explicit wait to wait up to 10 seconds for the <h1> element to be visible on the page, ensuring the page has loaded the element.

Then it checks if the element is displayed on the page. If not, it throws an assertion error.

Next, it verifies the text inside the <h1> tag exactly matches 'Welcome to Example'. If the text differs, it throws an assertion error with a clear message.

If both checks pass, it prints a success message.

Finally, it closes the browser to clean up resources.

This approach follows best practices by using explicit waits, proper locators, and clear assertions.

Common Mistakes - 3 Pitfalls

Using Thread.sleep() instead of explicit waits

{'mistake': 'Using By.id or By.className when the element only has a tag name', 'why_bad': 'If the element does not have an id or class attribute, these locators will fail and cause NoSuchElementException.', 'correct_approach': 'Use By.tagName("h1") to locate the element by its tag name as specified.'}

Not closing the browser after test execution

Bonus Challenge

Now add data-driven testing to verify the <h1> text for 3 different URLs with their expected <h1> texts.

Show Hint