Image rotation and zoom in SciPy - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Image rotation and zoom

📋 What You'll Learn

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Rotating and zooming images is common in photo editing, medical imaging, and computer vision tasks.

💼 Career

Understanding image transformations is useful for data scientists working with image data, such as in AI, machine learning, and digital media.

1

Create a simple 2D image array

Create a 2D numpy array called image with these exact values: [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

SciPy

# Create the 2D numpy array called image with the given values
# Your code here

Hint

Use np.array to create the 2D array with the exact values.

2

Set the rotation angle

Create a variable called angle and set it to 45 to represent the rotation angle in degrees.

SciPy

import numpy as np

image = np.array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
# Create the variable angle and set it to 45
# Your code here

Hint

Just assign the number 45 to the variable angle.

3

Rotate the image

Import rotate from scipy.ndimage and create a variable called rotated_image by rotating image by angle degrees with reshape=False.

SciPy

import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import rotate

image = np.array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

angle = 45
# Rotate the image by angle degrees without reshaping
# Your code here

Hint

Use rotate(image, angle, reshape=False) to keep the image size same.

4

Zoom the rotated image and print

Import zoom from scipy.ndimage. Create a variable called zoomed_image by zooming rotated_image with a zoom factor of 1.5. Then print zoomed_image.

SciPy

import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage import rotate, zoom

image = np.array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 1, 1, 1, 0],
                  [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

angle = 45

rotated_image = rotate(image, angle, reshape=False)
# Zoom the rotated_image by 1.5 and print the result
# Your code here

Hint

Use zoom(rotated_image, 1.5) and then print the result.

Practice

1. What does the function scipy.ndimage.rotate do to an image?

easy

A. It adds noise to the image.

B. It turns the image by a specified angle.

C. It crops the image to a smaller size.

D. It changes the image colors.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the function purpose

   scipy.ndimage.rotate is designed to rotate images by a given angle in degrees.

2. Step 2: Compare options with function behavior

   Only turning or rotating the image matches the function's purpose; other options describe different image operations.

3. Final Answer:

   It turns the image by a specified angle. -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Rotate = Turn image [OK]

Hint: Rotate means turn image by angle [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing rotate with crop or color change
• Thinking rotate changes image size
• Assuming rotate adds effects like noise

2. Which of the following is the correct way to rotate an image array img by 45 degrees using scipy?

easy

A. scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 45)

B. scipy.ndimage.zoom(img, 45)

C. scipy.ndimage.rotate(45, img)

D. scipy.ndimage.zoom(45, img)

Solution

1. Step 1: Check function signatures

   scipy.ndimage.rotate takes the image first, then the angle as the second argument.

2. Step 2: Validate correct argument order

   scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 45) correctly uses rotate(img, 45). Options C and D swap arguments incorrectly, and B uses zoom instead of rotate.

3. Final Answer:

   scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 45) -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   rotate(image, angle) correct syntax [OK]

Hint: Image first, angle second in rotate() [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Swapping argument order
• Using zoom instead of rotate
• Passing angle before image

3. What will be the shape of the output image after applying scipy.ndimage.zoom(img, 2) if img.shape is (100, 100)?

medium

A. (50, 50)

B. (100, 100)

C. (200, 200)

D. (100, 200)

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand zoom factor effect

   A zoom factor of 2 doubles the size of each dimension of the image.

2. Step 2: Calculate new shape

   Original shape is (100, 100). Doubling each dimension gives (200, 200).

3. Final Answer:

   (200, 200) -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Zoom 2x doubles shape [OK]

Hint: Zoom factor multiplies each dimension [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing zoom with cropping
• Thinking zoom keeps shape same
• Mixing width and height dimensions

4. You run this code but get an error:

scipy.ndimage.rotate(45, img)

What is the problem?

medium

A. The image should be the first argument.

B. The angle should be the first argument.

C. The rotate function does not accept two arguments.

D. The angle must be in radians, not degrees.

Solution

1. Step 1: Check argument order for rotate()

   scipy.ndimage.rotate expects the image array as the first argument, then the angle.

2. Step 2: Identify error cause

   Passing angle first and image second causes a type error because the function tries to treat the number as an array.

3. Final Answer:

   The image should be the first argument. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Image first, angle second in rotate() [OK]

Hint: Image must come before angle in rotate() [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Swapping argument order
• Assuming angle must be radians
• Thinking rotate takes only one argument

5. You want to rotate an image by 90 degrees and then zoom it to half its size. Which code sequence correctly does this?

hard

A. rotated = scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 0.5)
zoomed = scipy.ndimage.zoom(rotated, 90)

B. zoomed = scipy.ndimage.zoom(img, 0.5)
rotated = scipy.ndimage.rotate(zoomed, 90)

C. zoomed = scipy.ndimage.zoom(img, 90)
rotated = scipy.ndimage.rotate(zoomed, 0.5)

D. rotated = scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 90)
zoomed = scipy.ndimage.zoom(rotated, 0.5)

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand operation order

   First rotate by 90 degrees, then zoom by 0.5 to reduce size by half.

2. Step 2: Check code correctness

   rotated = scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 90)
   zoomed = scipy.ndimage.zoom(rotated, 0.5)

   correctly rotates img by 90, then zooms the rotated image by 0.5. Other options mix argument order or use wrong values.

3. Final Answer:

   rotated = scipy.ndimage.rotate(img, 90) zoomed = scipy.ndimage.zoom(rotated, 0.5) -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Rotate 90°, then zoom 0.5 [OK]

Hint: Rotate first, then zoom with correct factors [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Swapping zoom and rotate order
• Using zoom factor as angle
• Passing wrong argument order