Recall & Review
beginner
What is the main purpose of hypothesis testing?
Hypothesis testing helps us decide if there is enough evidence in data to support a claim or not. It checks if observed results are likely due to chance or a real effect.
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beginner
What are the two hypotheses in hypothesis testing?
The null hypothesis (H0) assumes no effect or no difference. The alternative hypothesis (H1) assumes there is an effect or difference.
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intermediate
How does the p-value help validate claims?
The p-value tells us how likely the observed data would happen if the null hypothesis were true. A small p-value means the data is unlikely by chance, so we reject the null and support the claim.
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intermediate
Why do we set a significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?
The significance level (often 0.05) is a threshold to decide when to reject the null hypothesis. It controls how strong the evidence must be to accept the claim, balancing errors.
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beginner
How does hypothesis testing connect to real-life decisions?
It helps us make decisions based on data, like checking if a new medicine works or if a change improves sales, by validating claims with statistical evidence.
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What does the null hypothesis usually represent?
✗ Incorrect
The null hypothesis assumes no effect or difference, serving as the starting point for testing.
If the p-value is less than 0.05, what should we do?
✗ Incorrect
A p-value below 0.05 means the data is unlikely under the null, so we reject it.
What does a high p-value indicate?
✗ Incorrect
A high p-value means the data is likely under the null, so we do not reject it.
Why do we choose a significance level like 0.05?
✗ Incorrect
The significance level sets the threshold for how much risk of error we accept.
Which hypothesis testing step helps validate claims?
✗ Incorrect
Calculating the p-value shows how likely the data supports the claim.
Explain how hypothesis testing helps us decide if a claim is true or not.
Think about comparing data to what we expect if the claim is false.
You got /5 concepts.
Describe the role of the p-value in validating claims with an example.
Imagine testing if a new medicine works better than old one.
You got /3 concepts.