[Solved] You have these Ruby classes:class Animal; end class Mammal < Animal; end class Dog < Mammal;... end puts Dog < Animal puts Fish < Mammal puts Mammal < DogWhat is the output and why? | Ruby

Ruby - Inheritance

You have these Ruby classes:

class Animal; end
class Mammal < Animal; end
class Dog < Mammal; end
class Fish < Animal; end

puts Dog < Animal
puts Fish < Mammal
puts Mammal < Dog

What is the output and why?

Atrue false false

Btrue true false

Cfalse false true

Dtrue false true

Step-by-Step Solution

Solution:

Step 1: Evaluate Dog < Animal
Dog inherits from Mammal, which inherits from Animal, so Dog is a subclass of Animal. Returns true.
Step 2: Evaluate Fish < Mammal
Fish inherits directly from Animal, not Mammal. So Fish is not a subclass of Mammal. Returns false.
Step 3: Evaluate Mammal < Dog
Mammal is a superclass of Dog, not a subclass. So this returns false.
Final Answer:
true false false -> Option A
Quick Check:
Subclass chain true, unrelated or reversed false [OK]

Quick Trick: Subclass < superclass = true; reversed or unrelated = false [OK]

Common Mistakes:

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