Solution:Step 1: Understand class hierarchySportsCar inherits from Car, which inherits from Vehicle.Step 2: Evaluate is_a? and kind_of? callsobj.is_a?(Car) and obj.kind_of?(Vehicle) both return true because obj is a SportsCar instance.Final Answer:true -> Option BQuick Check:is_a? and kind_of? true

Consider this code:

hard📝 Application Q9 of 15

Ruby - Inheritance

Consider this code:

class Vehicle; end
class Car < Vehicle; end
class SportsCar < Car; end
obj = SportsCar.new
puts obj.is_a?(Car) && obj.kind_of?(Vehicle)

What is the output?

AError

Btrue

Cnil

Dfalse

Step-by-Step Solution

Solution:

Step 1: Understand class hierarchy
SportsCar inherits from Car, which inherits from Vehicle.
Step 2: Evaluate is_a? and kind_of? calls
obj.is_a?(Car) and obj.kind_of?(Vehicle) both return true because obj is a SportsCar instance.
Final Answer:
true -> Option B
Quick Check:
is_a? and kind_of? true for subclasses and superclasses [OK]

Quick Trick: is_a? and kind_of? check full inheritance chain [OK]

Common Mistakes:

Assuming false for grandparent classes
Confusing is_a? with instance_of?
Expecting error on multiple inheritance levels

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