Conditional component rendering in React

Introduction

Conditional component rendering lets your app show or hide parts based on conditions. It helps make your app interactive and dynamic.

Show a login button only when the user is not logged in.

Display a loading spinner while data is being fetched.

Hide a form after it is submitted successfully.

Show different messages based on user choices.

Syntax

React

function MyComponent({ isLoggedIn }) {
  return (
    <div>
      {isLoggedIn ? <p>Welcome back!</p> : <button>Login</button>}
    </div>
  );
}

Use JavaScript expressions inside curly braces {} to decide what to render.

The ternary operator condition ? truePart : falsePart is common for conditional rendering.

Examples

Shows a message based on time of day.

React

function Greeting({ isMorning }) {
  return <div>{isMorning ? 'Good morning!' : 'Good evening!'}</div>;
}

Uses logical AND to render the message only if show is true.

React

function ShowMessage({ show }) {
  return <div>{show && <p>This message is visible.</p>}</div>;
}

Uses switch to render different components based on status.

React

function Status({ status }) {
  switch (status) {
    case 'loading':
      return <p>Loading...</p>;
    case 'error':
      return <p>Error occurred.</p>;
    default:
      return <p>Ready.</p>;
  }
}

Sample Program

This component shows a login button if the user is not logged in. When clicked, it changes state to logged in and shows a welcome message with a logout button. Clicking logout switches back.

Buttons have aria-label for accessibility.

React

import React, { useState } from 'react';

function LoginControl() {
  const [isLoggedIn, setIsLoggedIn] = useState(false);

  function handleLogin() {
    setIsLoggedIn(true);
  }

  function handleLogout() {
    setIsLoggedIn(false);
  }

  return (
    <div>
      {isLoggedIn ? (
        <>
          <p>Welcome back!</p>
          <button onClick={handleLogout} aria-label="Logout button">Logout</button>
        </>
      ) : (
        <button onClick={handleLogin} aria-label="Login button">Login</button>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

export default LoginControl;

Important Notes

Always use semantic HTML elements like <button> for clickable items.

Use aria-label to help screen readers describe buttons clearly.

Keep conditions simple to avoid confusing code.

Summary

Conditional rendering lets you show or hide parts of your UI based on data or state.

Use JavaScript expressions inside JSX with {} to decide what to render.

Common patterns include ternary operators, logical AND, and switch statements.

Practice

1. What does conditional rendering in React allow you to do?

easy

A. Create new components on the fly without JSX

B. Change the CSS styles of components dynamically

C. Automatically fetch data from APIs

D. Show or hide parts of the UI based on data or state

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of conditional rendering

   Conditional rendering controls what parts of the UI appear based on conditions like state or props.

2. Step 2: Differentiate from other React features

   Changing styles or fetching data are different tasks; conditional rendering specifically controls visibility.

3. Final Answer:

   Show or hide parts of the UI based on data or state -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Conditional rendering = Show/hide UI [OK]

Hint: Conditional rendering controls UI visibility based on conditions [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing conditional rendering with styling changes
• Thinking it automatically fetches data
• Believing it creates components without JSX

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax for conditional rendering using a ternary operator in React JSX?

easy

A. if (condition) <ComponentA /> else <ComponentB />

B. {condition ? <ComponentA /> : <ComponentB />}

C. {if condition then <ComponentA /> else <ComponentB />}

D. {condition && <ComponentA /> else <ComponentB />}

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall JSX expression syntax

   JSX uses curly braces {} to embed JavaScript expressions, including ternary operators.

2. Step 2: Identify correct ternary operator usage

   The ternary operator syntax is condition ? exprIfTrue : exprIfFalse, which matches {condition ? <ComponentA /> : <ComponentB />}.

3. Final Answer:

   {condition ? <ComponentA /> : <ComponentB />} -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Ternary in JSX = condition ? true : false [OK]

Hint: Use curly braces and ? : for ternary in JSX [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using if-else statements directly inside JSX
• Writing invalid JavaScript syntax inside JSX
• Confusing logical AND with ternary operator

3. Given the code below, what will be rendered if isLoggedIn is false?

function Greeting({ isLoggedIn }) {
  return (
    <div>
      {isLoggedIn ? <h1>Welcome back!</h1> : <h1>Please sign up.</h1>}
    </div>
  );
}

medium

A. Welcome back!

B. Syntax error

C. Please sign up.

D. Nothing will render

Solution

1. Step 1: Check the value of isLoggedIn

   The value is false, so the condition in the ternary operator is false.

2. Step 2: Evaluate the ternary operator

   Since condition is false, the expression after the colon is rendered: <h1>Please sign up.</h1>.

3. Final Answer:

   <h1>Please sign up.</h1> -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   isLoggedIn false = show sign up message [OK]

Hint: False condition shows expression after colon in ternary [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming true branch renders when condition is false
• Thinking nothing renders on false
• Confusing syntax with runtime error

4. Identify the error in this React component that tries to conditionally render a message:

function Message({ show }) {
  return (
    <div>
      {show && <p>Hello World!</p> else <p>No message</p>}
    </div>
  );
}

medium

A. Using else inside JSX expression is invalid

B. Missing parentheses around JSX elements

C. Incorrect use of logical AND operator

D. Component must return a string, not JSX

Solution

1. Step 1: Review JSX expression syntax

   JSX expressions inside curly braces must be valid JavaScript expressions; 'else' cannot be used inside them.

2. Step 2: Identify invalid use of else

   The code uses 'else' after a logical AND expression, which is not valid JavaScript syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   Using else inside JSX expression is invalid -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   JSX expressions cannot contain else keyword [OK]

Hint: No else keyword inside JSX expressions; use ternary instead [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Trying to use else with logical AND
• Forgetting ternary operator syntax
• Assuming JSX can contain statements like else

5. You want to render a list of notifications only if the list is not empty. Which React pattern correctly handles this conditional rendering?

const notifications = [];

function NotificationList() {
  return (
    <div>
      {/* Choose the correct conditional rendering here */}
      {notifications.length > 0 ? (
        notifications.map((note, index) => <p key={index}>{note}</p>)
      ) : (
        <p>No notifications</p>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

hard

A. Use ternary operator checking notifications.length > 0

B. Use only logical AND: {notifications.length && notifications.map(...)}

C. Use if statement inside JSX to check length

D. Render notifications.map(...) without any condition

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the need for else case

   We want to show a message if there are no notifications, so we need both true and false cases.

2. Step 2: Evaluate each option

   Use ternary operator checking notifications.length > 0 uses a ternary operator to handle both cases correctly. Use only logical AND: {notifications.length && notifications.map(...)} only renders when length is truthy but shows nothing if empty. Use if statement inside JSX to check length is invalid syntax inside JSX. Render notifications.map(...) without any condition always renders map, which errors if empty.

3. Final Answer:

   Use ternary operator checking notifications.length > 0 -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Ternary handles both cases in JSX [OK]

Hint: Use ternary to handle both empty and non-empty lists [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using if statements directly inside JSX
• Using logical AND without else case
• Rendering map on empty array without check