Logical operators in Python - Practice Problems & Coding Challenges

Challenge - 5 Problems

❓ Predict Output

intermediate

Output of combined logical operators

What is the output of this code snippet?

Python

a = True
b = False
c = True
result = a and b or c
print(result)

A False

B None

C SyntaxError

D True

💡 Hint

Remember that 'and' has higher precedence than 'or'.

The expression evaluates as (a and b) or c. Since a and b is False, the result is c which is True.

❓ Predict Output

intermediate

Result of chained logical expressions

What will be printed by this code?

Python

x = 5
print((x > 3) and (x < 10) or (x == 5))

A False

B True

C None

D TypeError

💡 Hint

Check each comparison and how 'and' and 'or' combine them.

x > 3 is True, x < 10 is True, so (True and True) is True. True or (x == 5) is True.

❓ Predict Output

advanced

Output of logical operators with non-boolean values

What is the output of this code?

Python

result = '' or 0 and 'Hello' or None
print(result)

A Hello

B ''

C 0

D None

💡 Hint

Remember that 'and' has higher precedence than 'or' and that logical operators return the last evaluated operand.

The expression evaluates as: '' or (0 and 'Hello') or None. 0 and 'Hello' evaluates to 0 because 'and' returns the first falsy value or last value. Then '' or 0 evaluates to 0 (since '' is falsy). Finally, 0 or None evaluates to None if 0 is falsy, but since 0 is falsy, the last 'or None' returns None. However, in Python, 'or' returns the first truthy value or the last value if none are truthy. Here, '' is falsy, 0 is falsy, so '' or 0 returns 0, then 0 or None returns None. But since 0 is falsy, the final result is None. Actually, the correct evaluation is: '' or (0 and 'Hello') or None -> '' or 0 or None -> 0 or None -> None. So the output is None.

❓ Predict Output

advanced

Output of complex logical expression with parentheses

What does this code print?

Python

a = False
b = True
c = False
print((a or b) and (b or c))

A True

B None

C False

D SyntaxError

💡 Hint

Evaluate inside parentheses first, then combine with 'and'.

(a or b) is True, (b or c) is True, so True and True is True.

❓ Predict Output

expert

Value of variable after logical operations with assignment

What is the value of variable 'x' after running this code?

Python

x = None
x = x or []
x.append(1)
x = x and [2, 3]
x.append(4)
print(x)

A [2, 3, 4]

B [1, 4]

C None

D AttributeError

💡 Hint

Track how 'x' changes after each line and how logical operators affect assignment.

Initially x is None, then x = x or [] sets x to []. Then x.append(1) makes x = [1]. Then x = x and [2, 3] sets x to [2, 3] because x is truthy. Then x.append(4) adds 4 to the list, so x = [2, 3, 4].