String search functions (strpos, strstr) in PHP

Introduction

We use string search functions to find if a smaller piece of text exists inside a bigger text. This helps us locate words or parts of words easily.

Checking if a username contains a certain word or character.

Finding the position of a word in a sentence to highlight it.

Extracting a part of an email address after the '@' symbol.

Validating if a URL contains a specific domain name.

Syntax

PHP

strpos(string $haystack, string $needle, int $offset = 0): int|false
strstr(string $haystack, string $needle, bool $before_needle = false): string|false

strpos returns the position (number) where the search text starts, or false if not found.

strstr returns the part of the string from the found text to the end, or false if not found.

Examples

This finds where 'world' starts in 'hello world'. It will print 6 because counting starts at 0.

PHP

$pos = strpos('hello world', 'world');
echo $pos;

This gets the part of the email starting from '@', so it prints '@example.com'.

PHP

$part = strstr('[e-mail]', '@');
echo $part;

This searches for 'x' which is not in the string, so it prints bool(false).

PHP

$pos = strpos('hello world', 'x');
var_dump($pos);

This gets the part before '@', so it prints 'hello'.

PHP

$part = strstr('[e-mail]', '@', true);
echo $part;

Sample Program

This program searches for 'PHP' in a sentence. It shows the position where 'PHP' starts, the part of the sentence from 'PHP' to the end, and the part before 'PHP'.

PHP

<?php
$text = "I love PHP programming.";
$search = "PHP";

$position = strpos($text, $search);
if ($position !== false) {
    echo "Found '$search' at position: $position\n";
} else {
    echo "'$search' not found.\n";
}

$part = strstr($text, $search);
echo "Part of string from '$search': $part\n";

$before = strstr($text, $search, true);
echo "Part of string before '$search': $before\n";

Important Notes

Remember, strpos returns 0 if the search text is at the very start. Use strict comparison (===) to check for false.

strstr can return false if the text is not found, so always check before using the result.

Summary

strpos finds the position of a text inside another text.

strstr extracts part of the text starting from or before the found text.

Use these functions to check and work with parts of strings easily.

Practice

1. What does the PHP function strpos do?

easy

A. Converts a string to uppercase

B. Extracts a substring starting from a specific character

C. Finds the position of a substring inside a string

D. Replaces a substring with another string

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of strpos

   The strpos function searches for the first occurrence of a substring inside another string and returns its position.

2. Step 2: Compare with other options

   Options A, B, and C describe different string functions like strtoupper, strstr, and str_replace, which are not what strpos does.

3. Final Answer:

   Finds the position of a substring inside a string -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   strpos = position finder [OK]

Hint: strpos returns position index of substring [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing strpos with strstr
• Thinking strpos extracts substring
• Assuming strpos replaces text

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to find the position of 'cat' in the string $text = 'concatenate' using strpos?

easy

A. strpos('concatenate', 'cat')

B. strpos($text)

C. strpos('cat', $text)

D. strpos($text, 'cat')

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify correct parameter order for strpos

   The first parameter is the full string, the second is the substring to find. So strpos($text, 'cat') is correct.

2. Step 2: Check other options for errors

   strpos('concatenate', 'cat') uses a string literal instead of the variable. strpos('cat', $text) reverses parameters. strpos($text) misses the second parameter.

3. Final Answer:

   strpos($text, 'cat') -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   strpos(string, substring) [OK]

Hint: First argument is full string, second is substring [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Swapping the order of parameters
• Omitting the substring argument
• Passing substring as first argument

3. What will be the output of this PHP code?

$text = 'hello world';
$pos = strpos($text, 'world');
echo $pos;

medium

A. 6

B. 5

C. 0

D. false

Solution

1. Step 1: Find the position of 'world' in 'hello world'

   The string 'hello world' has 'world' starting at index 6 (counting from 0).

2. Step 2: Understand what strpos returns

   strpos returns the starting position of the substring, so it returns 6.

3. Final Answer:

   6 -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Position of 'world' in 'hello world' = 6 [OK]

Hint: Count characters from zero to substring start [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Counting from 1 instead of 0
• Confusing position with length
• Expecting boolean true instead of position

4. The following code is intended to check if the word 'apple' exists in $fruit. What is the error?

$fruit = 'pineapple';
if (strpos($fruit, 'apple')) {
  echo 'Found';
} else {
  echo 'Not found';
}

medium

A. strpos returns false if found, so condition is wrong

B. strpos returns 0 for 'apple' position, which is treated as false

C. Missing third parameter in strpos

D. Syntax error in if statement

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand strpos return values

   strpos returns 0 if the substring is found at the start (index 0). In PHP, 0 is treated as false in conditions.

2. Step 2: Analyze the if condition behavior

   The condition if (strpos(...)) fails when strpos returns 0, so it wrongly goes to else.

3. Final Answer:

   strpos returns 0 for 'apple' position, which is treated as false -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Check strpos !== false to avoid 0 as false [OK]

Hint: Check strpos !== false, not just if() [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using if(strpos()) without strict false check
• Assuming strpos returns boolean true/false only
• Ignoring 0 as valid position

5. Given the string $sentence = 'The quick brown fox jumps', which code snippet correctly extracts the substring starting from the word 'brown' using strstr?

hard

A. echo strstr($sentence, 'brown');

B. echo strstr($sentence, 'brown', true);

C. echo strpos($sentence, 'brown');

D. echo substr($sentence, strpos($sentence, 'brown'));

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand strstr behavior

   strstr returns the part of the string starting from the first occurrence of the substring, including it.

2. Step 2: Analyze options

   echo strstr($sentence, 'brown'); correctly uses strstr to get substring from 'brown'. echo strstr($sentence, 'brown', true); returns part before 'brown'. echo strpos($sentence, 'brown'); returns position, not substring. echo substr($sentence, strpos($sentence, 'brown')); uses substr with strpos, which also works but is not strstr.

3. Final Answer:

   echo strstr($sentence, 'brown'); -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   strstr returns substring from needle [OK]

Hint: strstr returns substring from needle, true returns before [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using third parameter true to get substring after needle
• Confusing strpos with strstr
• Expecting strpos to return substring