[Solved] Consider this PHP code:class User { public $name; public $email; public function __construct($data) { $this->name = $data['name'] ?? 'Guest';... $user->email;What is the output? | PHP

PHP - Classes and Objects

Consider this PHP code:

class User {
  public $name;
  public $email;
  public function __construct($data) {
    $this->name = $data['name'] ?? 'Guest';
    $this->email = $data['email'] ?? '';
  }
}
$user = new User(['email' => 'user@example.com']);
echo $user->name . ' - ' . $user->email;

What is the output?

AGuest - user@example.com

B - user@example.com

Cuser@example.com - Guest

DError: Undefined index name

Step-by-Step Solution

Solution:

Step 1: Understand null coalescing operator usage
The constructor uses ?? to provide default values if keys are missing.
Step 2: Check input array and assigned values
'name' key is missing, so 'Guest' is assigned; 'email' key exists and is assigned.
Step 3: Determine echo output
Output is 'Guest - user@example.com'.
Final Answer:
Guest - user@example.com -> Option A
Quick Check:
Null coalescing sets defaults = output correct values [OK]

Quick Trick: Use ?? to set default values in constructor [OK]

Common Mistakes:

Expecting error for missing array key
Confusing order of output
Ignoring default value usage

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More PHP Quizzes

Consider this PHP code:

Step 1: Understand null coalescing operator usage

Step 2: Check input array and assigned values

Step 3: Determine echo output

Final Answer:

Quick Check:

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