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You run t-SNE on word embeddings but get a ValueError: "perplexity must be less than n_samples". What is the likely cause and fix?

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NLP - Word Embeddings
You run t-SNE on word embeddings but get a ValueError: "perplexity must be less than n_samples". What is the likely cause and fix?
AInput embeddings have wrong shape; reshape to (features, samples)
BPerplexity is set too high; reduce it below the number of samples
CRandom state is missing; add random_state parameter
Dt-SNE requires normalized data; normalize embeddings first
Step-by-Step Solution
Solution:
  1. Step 1: Understand perplexity parameter in t-SNE

    Perplexity controls neighborhood size and must be less than the number of samples.
  2. Step 2: Identify cause of ValueError

    Error means perplexity is set equal or larger than sample count, which is invalid.
  3. Step 3: Fix by lowering perplexity

    Reduce perplexity to a value smaller than the number of samples to fix the error.
  4. Final Answer:

    Perplexity is set too high; reduce it below the number of samples -> Option B
  5. Quick Check:

    Perplexity < n_samples to avoid error [OK]
Quick Trick: Keep perplexity less than sample count in t-SNE [OK]
Common Mistakes:
MISTAKES
  • Changing input shape instead of perplexity
  • Ignoring the perplexity limit
  • Assuming normalization fixes this error

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