class-validator decorators in NestJS

Introduction

Class-validator decorators help you check if data is correct before using it. They make sure your app gets good information.

When you want to check user input in forms to avoid mistakes.

When receiving data from an API and you need to confirm it is valid.

When saving data to a database and want to prevent wrong values.

When building a signup or login system to verify user details.

When you want to give clear error messages if data is wrong.

Syntax

NestJS

import { IsString, IsInt, Min, Max, IsEmail } from 'class-validator';

class User {
  @IsString()
  name: string;

  @IsInt()
  @Min(0)
  @Max(120)
  age: number;

  @IsEmail()
  email: string;
}

Decorators start with @ and go above the property they check.

You can combine many decorators on one property to add multiple rules.

Examples

This checks that the title is not empty.

NestJS

import { IsNotEmpty } from 'class-validator';

class Product {
  @IsNotEmpty()
  title: string;
}

This ensures darkMode is true or false only.

NestJS

import { IsBoolean } from 'class-validator';

class Settings {
  @IsBoolean()
  darkMode: boolean;
}

This checks the password length is between 8 and 20 characters.

NestJS

import { Length } from 'class-validator';

class Password {
  @Length(8, 20)
  password: string;
}

Sample Program

This example creates a User with wrong data. It runs validation and prints errors for each wrong property.

NestJS

import { IsString, IsNotEmpty, IsInt, Min, IsEmail, validate } from 'class-validator';

class User {
  @IsString()
  @IsNotEmpty()
  name: string;

  @IsInt()
  @Min(18)
  age: number;

  @IsEmail()
  email: string;
}

async function run() {
  const user = new User();
  user.name = '';
  user.age = 15;
  user.email = 'not-an-email';

  const errors = await validate(user);
  if (errors.length > 0) {
    console.log('Validation failed. Errors:');
    errors.forEach(err => console.log(err.property + ': ' + Object.values(err.constraints).join(', ')));
  } else {
    console.log('Validation succeeded!');
  }
}

run();

Important Notes

Always import decorators from 'class-validator' package.

Use async validate() function to check all rules at once.

Validation errors give clear messages to help fix data.

Summary

Class-validator decorators check data rules easily.

Use them on class properties with @ syntax.

Run validate() to find errors before using data.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of @IsEmail() decorator in class-validator when used in a NestJS DTO class?

easy

A. To convert the property value to lowercase

B. To check if the property value is a valid email address format

C. To make the property optional

D. To trim whitespace from the property value

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the decorator's role

   The @IsEmail() decorator validates that the decorated property contains a valid email format string.

2. Step 2: Compare options with decorator behavior

   Only To check if the property value is a valid email address format matches the validation purpose of @IsEmail(). Other options describe unrelated behaviors.

3. Final Answer:

   To check if the property value is a valid email address format -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   @IsEmail() validates email format [OK]

Hint: Remember: @IsEmail() checks email format only [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking @IsEmail() modifies the value instead of validating
• Confusing @IsEmail() with @IsOptional() or @Transform decorators

2. Which of the following is the correct way to use @Length() decorator to require a string property to be between 5 and 10 characters in NestJS?

easy

A. @Length(5, 10)

B. @Length(10, 5)

C. @Length(min=5, max=10)

D. @Length({min:5, max:10})

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall the syntax of @Length decorator

   The @Length() decorator takes two numeric arguments: minimum length first, then maximum length.

2. Step 2: Match options with correct syntax

   @Length(5, 10) correctly uses @Length(5, 10). Options A, B, and D use incorrect argument order or syntax.

3. Final Answer:

   @Length(5, 10) -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   @Length(min, max) = @Length(5, 10) [OK]

Hint: @Length(min, max) uses two numbers, min first [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Swapping min and max values
• Using object syntax instead of positional arguments
• Using named parameters which are invalid

3. Given this DTO class, what will be the validation result for username = 'abc' and age = 17?

class UserDto {
  @Length(5, 15)
  username: string;

  @Min(18)
  age: number;
}

medium

A. Validation passes with no errors

B. Validation fails because username is too short

C. Validation fails because age is less than 18

D. Validation fails because both username and age are invalid

Solution

1. Step 1: Check username length

   The username 'abc' has length 3, which is less than the minimum 5 required by @Length(5, 15). So username is invalid.

2. Step 2: Check age minimum

   The age is 17, which is less than the minimum 18 required by @Min(18). So age is invalid.

3. Final Answer:

   Validation fails because both username and age are invalid -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   username too short + age too low = both invalid [OK]

Hint: Check each decorator rule separately for all properties [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Ignoring one invalid field and assuming validation passes
• Confusing @Min with @Max for age
• Assuming length includes spaces or trimming automatically

4. Identify the error in this DTO class using class-validator decorators:

class ProductDto {
  @IsInt()
  @Min(1)
  price: string;
}

medium

A. price should be a number type, not string

B. Missing @IsString() decorator for price

C. @Min(1) cannot be used with @IsInt()

D. No error, code is correct

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze property type and decorators

   The property price is declared as string, but decorators @IsInt() and @Min(1) expect a number type.

2. Step 2: Identify mismatch causing validation error

   Since price is string, validation will fail because @IsInt() requires a number. The type should be number.

3. Final Answer:

   price should be a number type, not string -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Type mismatch between property and decorators = error [OK]

Hint: Match property type with decorator expectations [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using string type with number validators
• Assuming decorators convert types automatically
• Ignoring TypeScript type declarations

5. You want to validate a DTO property tags which is an array of strings, each string must be at least 3 characters. Which combination of class-validator decorators correctly enforces this?

hard

A. @IsString()\n@Length(3, 50)\n@IsArray()

B. @IsArray()\n@IsString()\n@Length(3, 50)

C. @IsArray()\n@ArrayMinSize(1)\n@IsString({ each: true })\n@Length(3, 50, { each: true })

D. @IsArray()\n@ArrayMaxSize(1)\n@IsString({ each: false })

Solution

1. Step 1: Validate the property is an array

   Use @IsArray() to ensure tags is an array type.

2. Step 2: Validate each element is a string with length constraints

   Use @IsString({ each: true }) and @Length(3, 50, { each: true }) to apply string and length validation to every item in the array.

3. Step 3: Ensure array has at least one element

   @ArrayMinSize(1) ensures the array is not empty.

4. Final Answer:

   @IsArray()\n@ArrayMinSize(1)\n@IsString({ each: true })\n@Length(3, 50, { each: true }) -> Option C

5. Quick Check:

   Array + each:true for element validation = @IsArray()\n@ArrayMinSize(1)\n@IsString({ each: true })\n@Length(3, 50, { each: true }) [OK]

Hint: Use { each: true } to validate every array element [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting { each: true } for array element validation
• Using @IsString() without array context
• Setting wrong array size constraints