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Microservicessystem_design~12 mins

Routing and load balancing in Microservices - Architecture Diagram

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System Overview - Routing and load balancing

This system manages incoming user requests by distributing them evenly across multiple service instances. It ensures high availability and scalability by routing traffic through a load balancer that directs requests to healthy microservice instances.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Load Balancer
  |
  +-----> Service Instance 1
  |
  +-----> Service Instance 2
  |
  +-----> Service Instance 3
  |
  v
Database
Components
User
client
Sends requests to the system
Load Balancer
load_balancer
Distributes incoming requests evenly across service instances
Service Instance 1
service
Processes user requests
Service Instance 2
service
Processes user requests
Service Instance 3
service
Processes user requests
Database
database
Stores persistent data for services
Request Flow - 6 Hops
User → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → Service Instance 2
Service Instance 2 → Database
Database → Service Instance 2
Service Instance 2 → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Load Balancer
Impact:All incoming user requests fail as no routing is possible
Mitigation:Use multiple load balancers with failover or DNS-based load balancing to avoid single point of failure
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
What is the main role of the load balancer in this system?
AStore user data persistently
BDistribute incoming requests evenly across service instances
CProcess database queries
DSend responses directly to the database
Design Principle
This architecture uses a load balancer to distribute user requests evenly across multiple service instances, improving scalability and availability. It prevents any single service instance from becoming a bottleneck and allows the system to handle failures gracefully by routing around unhealthy instances.