How to Dispatch Job in Laravel: Simple Guide with Examples

In Laravel, you dispatch a job by calling dispatch(new JobClass) or using the JobClass::dispatch() method. This sends the job to the queue system to run asynchronously or immediately depending on your configuration.

Syntax

To dispatch a job in Laravel, you typically use the dispatch() helper function or the static dispatch() method on the job class.

• dispatch(new JobClass): Creates a new job instance and sends it to the queue.
• JobClass::dispatch(): A shortcut to dispatch the job without manually creating an instance.

Jobs are PHP classes that implement the ShouldQueue interface to run asynchronously.

php

dispatch(new App\Jobs\ProcessPodcast($podcast));

// Or using static dispatch method
App\Jobs\ProcessPodcast::dispatch($podcast);

Example

This example shows how to create a job class and dispatch it with data. The job will process the data asynchronously.

php

<?php

namespace App\Jobs;

use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

class SendWelcomeEmail implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;

    protected $userEmail;

    public function __construct(string $userEmail)
    {
        $this->userEmail = $userEmail;
    }

    public function handle()
    {
        // Logic to send email
        // For example: Mail::to($this->userEmail)->send(new WelcomeEmail());
        echo "Welcome email sent to {$this->userEmail}\n";
    }
}

// Dispatching the job
SendWelcomeEmail::dispatch('[e-mail]');

Output

Welcome email sent to [e-mail]

Common Pitfalls

Common mistakes when dispatching jobs include:

• Not implementing ShouldQueue interface, causing the job to run immediately instead of queued.
• Forgetting to import the job class or using wrong namespaces.
• Not configuring the queue driver, so jobs do not run asynchronously.
• Dispatching jobs without required constructor parameters.

Always check your queue configuration and run php artisan queue:work to process queued jobs.

php

<?php
// Wrong: Job class missing ShouldQueue interface
class ProcessData
{
    public function handle() {
        // ...
    }
}

// Right: Implements ShouldQueue
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;

class ProcessData implements ShouldQueue
{
    public function handle() {
        // ...
    }
}

Quick Reference

Action	Code Example	Description
Dispatch job instance	dispatch(new JobClass($data));	Send a new job instance to the queue
Dispatch using static method	JobClass::dispatch($data);	Shortcut to dispatch job without new keyword
Implement queue interface	class JobClass implements ShouldQueue	Make job run asynchronously
Run queue worker	php artisan queue:work	Process queued jobs in background

Key Takeaways

Use dispatch(new JobClass) or JobClass::dispatch() to send jobs to the queue.

Ensure your job class implements ShouldQueue to run asynchronously.

Configure your queue driver and run queue workers to process jobs.

Pass required data via the job constructor when dispatching.

Check namespaces and imports to avoid class not found errors.