Constant values with const val in Kotlin

Introduction

We use const val to create values that never change. This helps keep our program safe and clear.

When you have a value like Pi that should stay the same everywhere.

When you want to name a fixed number like the maximum score in a game.

When you need a constant string like a URL or a key name.

When you want to avoid repeating the same value in many places.

When you want to make your code easier to read and maintain.

Syntax

Kotlin

const val NAME: Type = value

const val must be used at the top level or inside an object.

The value must be known at compile time (like numbers or strings).

Examples

This creates a constant integer named MAX_SCORE with value 100.

Kotlin

const val MAX_SCORE: Int = 100

This creates a constant string named BASE_URL with a website address.

Kotlin

const val BASE_URL: String = "https://example.com"

You can group constants inside an object for better organization.

Kotlin

object Constants {
    const val PI: Double = 3.14159
}

Sample Program

This program prints a greeting and the value of PI stored as constants.

Kotlin

const val GREETING: String = "Hello, friend!"

fun main() {
    println(GREETING)
    println("The value of PI is approximately " + Constants.PI)
}

object Constants {
    const val PI: Double = 3.14159
}

Important Notes

You cannot change a const val after it is set.

const val is different from val because val can be assigned at runtime, but const val must be known when the program is compiled.

Use const val for simple values like numbers and strings only.

Summary

const val creates fixed values that never change.

They must be simple types and known when the program is built.

Use them to make your code safer and easier to understand.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of using const val in Kotlin?

easy

A. To declare a constant value that cannot change during program execution

B. To create a variable that can be changed anytime

C. To define a function that returns a constant

D. To declare a class property that is mutable

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand what const val means

   const val is used to declare constants in Kotlin, which are values fixed at compile time and cannot be changed later.

2. Step 2: Compare options with the definition

   To declare a constant value that cannot change during program execution correctly states that const val declares a constant value that never changes. Other options describe variables or functions, which are not correct.

3. Final Answer:

   To declare a constant value that cannot change during program execution -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   const val = fixed value [OK]

Hint: Remember: const val means fixed value, no changes allowed [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking const val can be changed like a variable
• Confusing const val with regular val or var
• Assuming const val can hold complex objects

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to declare a constant integer named MAX_COUNT with value 100 in Kotlin?

easy

A. val MAX_COUNT = 100

B. var MAX_COUNT = 100

C. const MAX_COUNT = 100

D. const val MAX_COUNT = 100

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall the correct syntax for constants

   In Kotlin, constants are declared using const val followed by the name and value.

2. Step 2: Check each option

   const val MAX_COUNT = 100 uses const val MAX_COUNT = 100, which is the correct syntax. val MAX_COUNT = 100 misses const, C misses val, and B uses var which is mutable.

3. Final Answer:

   const val MAX_COUNT = 100 -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   const val + name + = + value = correct syntax [OK]

Hint: const val always together for constants [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting const keyword
• Using var instead of val
• Writing const without val

3. What will be the output of the following Kotlin code?

const val PI = 3.14
fun main() {
    println("Value of PI: $PI")
}

medium

A. Compilation error

B. Value of PI: $PI

C. Value of PI: 3.14

D. Value of PI: 3

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand string interpolation in Kotlin

   The println statement uses $PI which means it will replace $PI with the value of the constant PI.

2. Step 2: Check the constant value and output

   PI is declared as 3.14, so the output will be "Value of PI: 3.14" exactly.

3. Final Answer:

   Value of PI: 3.14 -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   String interpolation replaces $PI with 3.14 [OK]

Hint: Look for $variable inside strings for value substitution [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking $PI prints literally as $PI
• Expecting integer output instead of float
• Assuming compilation error due to const val usage

4. Identify the error in the following Kotlin code:

const val greeting = "Hello"
fun main() {
    greeting = "Hi"
    println(greeting)
}

medium

A. const val must be declared inside a function

B. Cannot reassign a value to a const val

C. Missing semicolon after greeting declaration

D. Variable greeting is not initialized

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand const val immutability

   const val declares a constant that cannot be changed after initialization.

2. Step 2: Analyze the reassignment

   The code tries to assign a new value to greeting which is a constant. This causes a compilation error.

3. Final Answer:

   Cannot reassign a value to a const val -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   const val = fixed, no reassignment allowed [OK]

Hint: const val values cannot be changed after declaration [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Trying to assign new value to const val
• Thinking semicolon is required in Kotlin
• Declaring const val inside functions (allowed only at top-level or object)

5. You want to create a constant string APP_NAME that can be used throughout your Kotlin app. Which of the following is the best way to declare it to ensure it is a compile-time constant accessible everywhere?

hard

A. Declare const val APP_NAME = "MyApp" at the top level or inside an object

B. Declare val APP_NAME = "MyApp" inside main() function

C. Declare var APP_NAME = "MyApp" inside a class constructor

D. Declare const var APP_NAME = "MyApp" inside a class

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand where const val can be declared

   In Kotlin, const val must be declared at the top level or inside an object to be a compile-time constant accessible everywhere.

2. Step 2: Evaluate each option

   Declare const val APP_NAME = "MyApp" at the top level or inside an object correctly declares const val APP_NAME = "MyApp" at the top level or inside an object. Declare val APP_NAME = "MyApp" inside main() function uses val inside a function, which is not compile-time constant. Declare var APP_NAME = "MyApp" inside a class constructor uses var which is mutable. Declare const var APP_NAME = "MyApp" inside a class uses invalid syntax const var.

3. Final Answer:

   Declare const val APP_NAME = "MyApp" at the top level or inside an object -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   const val + top-level/object = global constant [OK]

Hint: const val must be top-level or in object for global constant [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Declaring const val inside functions
• Using var with const keyword
• Using const without val