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Intro to Computingfundamentals~10 mins

IP addresses (IPv4, IPv6) in Intro to Computing - Draw & Build Visually

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Draw a diagram showing the structure of an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address side by side. Label the parts clearly, including the number of bits, the format (decimal or hexadecimal), and an example address for each.

10 minutes
Hint 1
Hint 2
Hint 3
Hint 4
Grading Criteria
Both IPv4 and IPv6 address structures are drawn side by side
IPv4 address shows 4 groups of 8 bits each
IPv4 groups are labeled with decimal numbers between 0 and 255
IPv6 address shows 8 groups of 16 bits each
IPv6 groups are labeled with hexadecimal numbers between 0000 and FFFF
Labels include bit size and format (decimal or hexadecimal)
Example addresses are included and correctly formatted
Diagram is clear and parts are distinctly separated
Solution
IPv4 Address Structure:

+---------+---------+---------+---------+
|  192    |   168   |   1     |   10    |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+
| 8 bits  | 8 bits  | 8 bits  | 8 bits  |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+

Format: Decimal numbers (0-255) separated by dots
Total bits: 32 bits


IPv6 Address Structure:

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 2001   | 0db8   | 85a3   | 0000   | 0000   | 8a2e   | 0370   | 7334   |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 16 bits| 16 bits| 16 bits| 16 bits| 16 bits| 16 bits| 16 bits| 16 bits|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

Format: Hexadecimal numbers (0000 to FFFF) separated by colons
Total bits: 128 bits

The IPv4 address is made of 4 parts, each part is 8 bits (1 byte). Each part is shown as a decimal number from 0 to 255. The example address is 192.168.1.10. The total length is 32 bits.

The IPv6 address is made of 8 parts, each part is 16 bits (2 bytes). Each part is shown as a hexadecimal number from 0000 to FFFF. The example address is 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. The total length is 128 bits.

This diagram helps visualize the difference in size and format between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

Variations - 2 Challenges
[intermediate] Draw a flowchart that explains how to check if an IP address is IPv4 or IPv6 based on its format.
[advanced] Draw a detailed diagram showing how an IPv4 address is converted into binary, including the binary representation of each decimal group.

Practice

(1/5)
1.

What is the main difference between an IPv4 and an IPv6 address?

easy
A. IPv4 addresses are longer than IPv6 addresses.
B. IPv4 uses eight hexadecimal groups separated by colons; IPv6 uses four decimal numbers separated by dots.
C. IPv4 addresses use letters only; IPv6 uses numbers only.
D. IPv4 uses four decimal numbers separated by dots; IPv6 uses eight hexadecimal groups separated by colons.

Solution

  1. Step 1: Understand IPv4 format

    IPv4 addresses have four numbers (0-255) separated by dots, like 192.168.1.1.

  2. Step 2: Understand IPv6 format

    IPv6 addresses have eight groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons, like 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334.

  3. Final Answer:

    IPv4 uses four decimal numbers separated by dots; IPv6 uses eight hexadecimal groups separated by colons. -> Option D

  4. Quick Check:

    IPv4 = four decimals, IPv6 = eight hex groups [OK]
Hint: IPv4 = dots and decimals; IPv6 = colons and hex [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Confusing the separator symbols (dots vs colons)
  • Thinking IPv6 uses only numbers, not hex letters
  • Assuming IPv4 addresses are longer than IPv6
2.

Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address?

192.168.1.256
10.0.0.1
172.16.300.5
255.255.255.256
easy
A. 192.168.1.256
B. 10.0.0.1
C. 172.16.300.5
D. 255.255.255.256

Solution

  1. Step 1: Check each number range in IPv4

    Each number in IPv4 must be between 0 and 255 inclusive.

  2. Step 2: Validate each option

    192.168.1.256 has 256 (invalid), 10.0.0.1 all numbers valid, 172.16.300.5 has 300 (invalid), 255.255.255.256 has 256 (invalid).

  3. Final Answer:

    10.0.0.1 -> Option B

  4. Quick Check:

    Numbers must be 0-255 in IPv4 [OK]
Hint: IPv4 numbers must be 0 to 255 only [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Allowing numbers greater than 255
  • Confusing IPv4 with IPv6 format
  • Ignoring invalid last number in address
3.

What is the expanded form of the IPv6 address 2001:db8::1?

medium
A. 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
B. 2001:db8:0:0:0:0:1
C. 2001:db8::0001
D. 2001:0db8::1

Solution

  1. Step 1: Understand IPv6 shorthand

    The double colon (::) means one or more groups of zeros are omitted.

  2. Step 2: Expand omitted zeros

    Replace :: with enough groups of 0000 to make total 8 groups: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001.

  3. Final Answer:

    2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 -> Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    :: means fill zeros to total 8 groups [OK]
Hint: Expand :: to enough 0000 groups for 8 total [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Not filling enough zero groups
  • Leaving :: in expanded form
  • Mixing uppercase and lowercase hex letters
4.

Identify the error in this IPv6 address: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334:1234

medium
A. Too many groups; IPv6 must have exactly 8 groups
B. Invalid characters in groups
C. Groups must be separated by dots, not colons
D. Groups are too short; must be 5 digits each

Solution

  1. Step 1: Count groups in the address

    There are 9 groups separated by colons, but IPv6 requires exactly 8 groups.

  2. Step 2: Check group format

    All groups use valid hexadecimal digits and colons as separators, so no other errors.

  3. Final Answer:

    Too many groups; IPv6 must have exactly 8 groups -> Option A

  4. Quick Check:

    IPv6 = exactly 8 groups separated by colons [OK]
Hint: Count groups; IPv6 must have 8 groups [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Allowing more or fewer than 8 groups
  • Confusing colons with dots
  • Thinking group length must be fixed at 5 digits
5.

You have the IPv4 address 192.168.1.10 and want to convert it to an IPv6-mapped IPv4 address. Which is the correct IPv6 format?

hard
A. 2001:db8::192.168.1.10
B. ::192.168.1.10
C. ::ffff:c0a8:010a
D. 192.168.1.10::ffff

Solution

  1. Step 1: Understand IPv6-mapped IPv4 format

    IPv6-mapped IPv4 addresses use ::ffff: followed by the IPv4 address in hexadecimal.

  2. Step 2: Convert IPv4 to hex

    192 = c0, 168 = a8, 1 = 01, 10 = 0a; combined as c0a8:010a.

  3. Step 3: Form full IPv6 address

    Combine prefix and hex: ::ffff:c0a8:010a.

  4. Final Answer:

    ::ffff:c0a8:010a -> Option C

  5. Quick Check:

    IPv4 to hex after ::ffff: prefix [OK]
Hint: Convert IPv4 decimals to hex after ::ffff: prefix [OK]
Common Mistakes:
  • Using dotted decimal instead of hex in IPv6
  • Placing ::ffff: after IPv4 instead of before
  • Not converting IPv4 numbers to hexadecimal