Header, footer, main in HTML - Cheat Sheet & Quick Revision

Recall & Review

beginner

What is the purpose of the <header> element in HTML?

The <header> element defines the introductory content or a set of navigational links for a page or section. It usually contains the site title, logo, and main navigation.

beginner

What role does the <footer> element play in a webpage?

The <footer> element represents the footer for its nearest sectioning content or sectioning root element. It often contains information like copyright, contact links, or related documents.

beginner

Why should you use the <main> element in your HTML?

The <main> element is used to wrap the main content of the document. It helps screen readers and browsers understand where the primary content is, improving accessibility.

intermediate

Can a webpage have multiple <header> or <footer> elements?

Yes, a webpage can have multiple <header> and <footer> elements if they belong to different sections or articles. Each section can have its own header and footer.

intermediate

How do <header>, <main>, and <footer> improve web accessibility?

These elements provide clear landmarks for assistive technologies, helping users navigate the page easily by jumping to main content, headers, or footers.

Which HTML element is best for wrapping the main content of a webpage?

A <main>

B <section>

C <article>

D <div>

The

element specifically marks the main content of the page, helping browsers and assistive devices.

Where would you typically place the <footer> element?

A Inside the <nav> element

B Inside the <head> section

C At the top of the page

D At the bottom of the page or section

The

is usually placed at the bottom of the page or section to contain closing information.

Can the <header> element contain navigation links?

A Yes, it often contains navigation links

B No, navigation must be outside <header>

C Only if inside a <nav> element

D Only in the <footer>

The

often includes navigation links to help users find their way.

Which element helps screen readers identify the main content area?

A <footer>

B <header>

C <main>

D <aside>

The

element signals the primary content to assistive technologies.

Is it valid to have multiple <main> elements on one webpage?

A Yes, for different sections

B No, only one <main> per page

C Only if inside <article>

D Only if inside <section>

Only one

element should be used per page to avoid confusion.

Explain the roles of

,

, and

elements in structuring a webpage.

Think about the top, middle, and bottom parts of a webpage.

Describe how using semantic elements like

,

, and

helps users with screen readers.

Consider how clear page sections help people who can't see the page visually.

Practice

1. Which HTML element is best used to contain the main content unique to a webpage?

easy

A. <section>

B. <header>

C. <footer>

D. <main>

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of <main>

   The <main> element is designed to hold the main content that is unique to the page, excluding repeated content like headers or footers.

2. Step 2: Compare with other elements

   <header> is for top parts like titles or menus, <footer> is for bottom parts like contact info, and <section> is a generic container but not specifically for main content.

3. Final Answer:

   <main> -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Main content = <main> [OK]

Hint: Main content always goes inside <main> tag [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using <section> instead of <main> for main content
• Putting main content inside <header> or <footer>
• Confusing <main> with <article>

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to create a footer section in HTML5?

easy

A. Contact us at [e-mail]

B. Contact us at [e-mail]

C. Contact us at [e-mail]

D. Contact us at [e-mail]

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify the correct HTML5 footer tag

   The correct tag for footer content is <footer>. Tags like <foot>, <bottom>, and <end> do not exist in HTML5.

2. Step 2: Confirm the syntax

   The syntax <footer>...</footer> correctly wraps footer content.

3. Final Answer:

   <footer>Contact us at [e-mail]</footer> -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Footer tag = <footer> [OK]

Hint: Footer tag is exactly <footer> in HTML5 [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using non-existent tags like <foot> or <bottom>
• Misspelling the footer tag
• Using <div> without semantic meaning

3. What will be the visual order of content in the browser for this HTML snippet?

<header>Site Title</header>
<main>Welcome to our website</main>
<footer>Contact info</footer>

medium

A. Site Title at top, Welcome message in middle, Contact info at bottom

B. Contact info at top, Site Title in middle, Welcome message at bottom

C. Welcome message at top, Contact info in middle, Site Title at bottom

D. All content mixed randomly

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand semantic order of header, main, footer

   The <header> appears first and is shown at the top, <main> is the main content in the middle, and <footer> is at the bottom.

2. Step 2: Visualize the content placement

   Content inside <header> shows "Site Title" at top, <main> shows "Welcome to our website" in the middle, and <footer> shows "Contact info" at the bottom.

3. Final Answer:

   Site Title at top, Welcome message in middle, Contact info at bottom -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Header top, main middle, footer bottom [OK]

Hint: Header top, main center, footer bottom visually [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming footer appears at top
• Confusing main content position
• Thinking order is random without CSS

4. Identify the error in this HTML snippet:

<header>Welcome</header>
<main>Content here</main>
<footer>Footer info<footer>

medium

A. The header tag is not closed

B. The main tag is missing

C. The closing tag for footer is incorrect

D. There is no footer tag

Solution

1. Step 1: Check each tag for proper opening and closing

   The <header> and <main> tags are correctly opened and closed. The <footer> tag is opened but closed incorrectly as <footer> instead of </footer>.

2. Step 2: Identify the specific error

   The footer closing tag is missing the slash, causing invalid HTML.

3. Final Answer:

   The closing tag for footer is incorrect -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Footer closing tag must be </footer> [OK]

Hint: Closing tags need a slash, e.g. [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Forgetting slash in closing tags
• Confusing opening and closing tags
• Assuming missing tags instead of wrong closing

5. You want to create a webpage with a header containing a navigation menu, a main section with an article, and a footer with copyright info. Which is the best semantic HTML structure?

hard

A. Menu
Article content
© 2024 Company

B. Menu
Article content
© 2024 Company

C. Menu
© 2024 Company
Article content

D. Menu
Article content
© 2024 Company

Solution

1. Step 1: Use semantic tags for each part

   The header should contain the navigation menu inside <nav>. The main content should be inside <main> with an <article>. The footer should have copyright info inside <footer>.

2. Step 2: Check each option for correct semantic structure

   <header><nav>Menu</nav></header> <main><article>Article content</article></main> <footer>© 2024 Company</footer> uses correct semantic tags: <header><nav></nav></header>, <main><article></article></main>, and <footer>. Other options misuse tags or use generic <div> instead of semantic elements.

3. Final Answer:

   <header><nav>Menu</nav></header> <main><article>Article content</article></main> <footer>© 2024 Company</footer> -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Header-nav, main-article, footer correct semantic [OK]

Hint: Use header-nav, main-article, footer for semantic clarity [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using <div> instead of semantic tags
• Placing main content inside footer
• Nesting main inside article incorrectly