First HTML page

Introduction

We create a first HTML page to show content on the web. It is the basic start for any website.

When you want to make your first simple website.

When you want to learn how web pages work.

When you want to show text and images in a browser.

When you want to practice writing code that browsers understand.

When you want to share information online.

Syntax

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
  <!-- Your content goes here -->
</body>
</html>

The <!DOCTYPE html> tells the browser this is an HTML5 page.

The <html> tag wraps all the page content.

Examples

This example shows a simple page with a heading.

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Hello, world!</h1>
</body>
</html>

This example shows a paragraph inside the body.

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
  <p>This is my first HTML page.</p>
</body>
</html>

Sample Program

This page has a header, main content, and footer. It uses semantic tags for better structure and accessibility.

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <header>
    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
  </header>
  <main>
    <p>This is my very first HTML page. I am learning how to make websites!</p>
  </main>
  <footer>
    <p>© 2024 My Website</p>
  </footer>
</body>
</html>

Important Notes

Always include lang attribute in <html> for accessibility.

Use semantic tags like <header>, <main>, and <footer> to organize content.

Test your page by opening it in different browsers to see how it looks.

Summary

Your first HTML page starts with <!DOCTYPE html> and <html> tags.

Use <head> for page info and <body> for visible content.

Semantic tags help organize and improve accessibility.

Practice

1. What is the purpose of the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration at the start of an HTML page?

easy

A. It tells the browser to use the latest HTML standard.

B. It adds a visible title to the page.

C. It creates a link to an external CSS file.

D. It inserts an image into the page.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the role of <!DOCTYPE html>

   This declaration tells the browser which version of HTML to use when rendering the page.

2. Step 2: Identify the correct purpose

   The <!DOCTYPE html> specifically signals the browser to use the latest HTML standard (HTML5).

3. Final Answer:

   It tells the browser to use the latest HTML standard. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   DOCTYPE = browser standard [OK]

Hint: DOCTYPE always sets HTML version for the browser [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking DOCTYPE adds visible content
• Confusing DOCTYPE with CSS or images
• Skipping DOCTYPE and causing rendering issues

2. Which of the following is the correct basic structure of an HTML page?

easy

A.

B.

C.

D. <html>

Solution

1. Step 1: Check the order of tags

   The correct HTML page starts with <!DOCTYPE html>, then <html>, inside it <head> and <body>, and ends with </html>.

2. Step 2: Match the correct option

   <!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head><body></body></html> follows this correct order and nesting of tags.

3. Final Answer:

   <!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head><body></body></html> -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   DOCTYPE, html, head, body order [OK]

Hint: Remember: DOCTYPE, html, head, then body [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Placing <head> inside <body>
• Missing DOCTYPE declaration
• Incorrect tag nesting order

3. What will the browser display when rendering this HTML code?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>My Page</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Welcome</h1>
  <p>This is my first page.</p>
</body>
</html>

medium

A. A page with a big heading 'Welcome' and a paragraph 'This is my first page.'

B. Only the title 'My Page' is shown on the page body.

C. The page shows the code as text on the screen.

D. The page is blank with no visible content.

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify visible content tags

   The <h1> and <p> tags inside <body> define visible content on the page.

2. Step 2: Understand title vs body content

   The <title> sets the browser tab name, not page body content.

3. Final Answer:

   A page with a big heading 'Welcome' and a paragraph 'This is my first page.' -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Body tags show content, title shows tab name [OK]

Hint: Content inside <body> shows on page, title shows in tab [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing <title> with visible page content
• Expecting code tags to display code as text
• Thinking empty body means content from head shows

4. Find the error in this HTML snippet:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Test</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Hello</h2>
  <p>Paragraph here.</p>
</body>
</html>

medium

A. The <title> tag is missing.

B. The paragraph tag is self-closing incorrectly.

C. The <body> tag is not closed.

D. The closing tag for the heading is incorrect.

Solution

1. Step 1: Check tag pairs for matching

   The heading starts with <h1> but closes with </h2>, which is a mismatch.

2. Step 2: Confirm other tags are correct

   The <title>, <body>, and <p> tags are properly opened and closed.

3. Final Answer:

   The closing tag for the heading is incorrect. -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Matching tags must open and close the same [OK]

Hint: Opening and closing tags must match exactly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Closing tags with wrong numbers (h1 vs h2)
• Forgetting to close body or head tags
• Misusing self-closing tags for paragraphs

5. You want to create a simple HTML page with a header, a navigation menu, main content, and a footer. Which semantic tags should you use to organize these parts correctly?

hard

A. <head>, <menu>, <section>, <bottom>

B. <header>, <nav>, <main>, <footer>

C. <header>, <sidebar>, <article>, <footer>

D. <top>, <nav>, <content>, <footer>

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify semantic tags for page sections

   The standard semantic tags for page layout are <header> for the top section, <nav> for navigation menus, <main> for main content, and <footer> for the bottom section.

2. Step 2: Compare options to correct tags

   <header>, <nav>, <main>, <footer> lists all correct semantic tags for these parts. Other options use incorrect or non-standard tags.

3. Final Answer:

   <header>, <nav>, <main>, <footer> -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Use semantic tags for clear page structure [OK]

Hint: Use header, nav, main, footer for page sections [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using non-existent tags like <top> or <bottom>
• Confusing <head> with visible header
• Using <menu> instead of <nav>