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HLDsystem_design~12 mins

Why infrastructure design underpins everything in HLD - Architecture Impact

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System Overview - Why infrastructure design underpins everything

This system shows how infrastructure design supports all parts of a software system. It ensures users get fast, reliable access to services by organizing components like load balancers, APIs, databases, and caches properly. Good infrastructure design helps handle many users, recover from failures, and keep data safe.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Load Balancer
  |
  v
API Gateway
  |
  v
Service Layer
  |
  +-----> Cache
  |
  v
Database
Components
User
client
Sends requests to use the system
Load Balancer
load_balancer
Distributes incoming user requests evenly to prevent overload
API Gateway
api_gateway
Manages and routes API requests to the correct services
Service Layer
service
Processes business logic and handles user requests
Cache
cache
Stores frequently accessed data to speed up responses
Database
database
Stores persistent data securely and reliably
Request Flow - 10 Hops
User → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → API Gateway
API Gateway → Service Layer
Service Layer → Cache
Cache → Service Layer
Service Layer → Database
Database → Service Layer
Service Layer → API Gateway
API Gateway → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Database
Impact:New data writes fail and cache misses cannot be fulfilled, causing some requests to fail or be stale
Mitigation:Use database replication and failover to a standby database; cache still serves read requests for existing data
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
Which component evenly distributes incoming user requests to prevent overload?
ALoad Balancer
BAPI Gateway
CCache
DDatabase
Design Principle
This architecture shows how infrastructure design organizes components to handle user requests efficiently and reliably. Each part has a clear role, and the flow ensures fast responses and fault tolerance. Good infrastructure design is the foundation that supports all system features and user experience.