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HLDsystem_design~12 mins

Product catalog design in HLD - Architecture Diagram

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System Overview - Product catalog design

This system manages a product catalog for an online store. It allows users to browse products, view details, and search efficiently. The design must support fast reads, handle many users, and keep product data consistent.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Load Balancer
  |
  v
API Gateway
  |
  v
Product Service <--> Cache
  |
  v
Database
Components
User
client
End user accessing the product catalog through a web or mobile app
Load Balancer
load_balancer
Distributes incoming user requests evenly to API Gateway instances
API Gateway
api_gateway
Handles routing, authentication, and request validation before forwarding to services
Product Service
service
Processes product catalog requests, fetches data from cache or database
Cache
cache
Stores frequently accessed product data to reduce database load and improve response time
Database
database
Stores all product catalog data including product details, categories, and inventory
Request Flow - 11 Hops
User → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → API Gateway
API Gateway → Product Service
Product Service → Cache
Cache → Product Service
Product Service → Database
Database → Product Service
Product Service → Cache
Product Service → API Gateway
API Gateway → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Cache
Impact:Cache misses increase, causing more database queries and higher latency
Mitigation:System continues to serve requests by querying the database directly; cache is rebuilt over time
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
Which component first handles user requests after they reach the system?
ALoad Balancer
BAPI Gateway
CProduct Service
DCache
Design Principle
This design uses caching to reduce database load and improve response times. The API Gateway centralizes request routing and security, while the load balancer ensures even distribution of user requests. This layered approach supports scalability and reliability.