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HLDsystem_design~12 mins

REST API best practices in HLD - Architecture Diagram

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System Overview - REST API best practices

This system provides a REST API following best practices to ensure scalability, security, and maintainability. It handles client requests through a load balancer and API gateway, routes them to microservices, uses caching for faster responses, and stores data in a database.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Load Balancer
  |
  v
API Gateway
  |
  v
+-------------------+
|   Microservices    |
|  (REST API Logic)  |
+-------------------+
  |
  v
Cache <--> Database
Components
User
client
Sends HTTP requests to the REST API
Load Balancer
load_balancer
Distributes incoming requests evenly across API gateway instances
API Gateway
api_gateway
Handles authentication, rate limiting, and routes requests to microservices
Microservices
service
Implements REST API endpoints following best practices
Cache
cache
Stores frequently accessed data to reduce database load and improve response time
Database
database
Stores persistent application data
Request Flow - 11 Hops
User → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → API Gateway
API Gateway → Microservices
Microservices → Cache
Cache → Microservices
Microservices → Database
Database → Microservices
Microservices → Cache
Microservices → API Gateway
API Gateway → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Database
Impact:New data writes fail and fresh data cannot be retrieved; cached reads still work but may be stale
Mitigation:Use database replication and failover to standby database; rely on cache for read availability during failover
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
Which component is responsible for distributing incoming user requests evenly?
ACache
BAPI Gateway
CLoad Balancer
DDatabase
Design Principle
This architecture demonstrates REST API best practices by using a load balancer for scalability, an API gateway for security and routing, microservices for modularity, caching to improve performance, and a database for persistent storage. Each component has a clear role, and the request flow ensures efficient and secure handling of client requests.