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HLDsystem_design~12 mins

Why scalability handles growing traffic in HLD - Architecture Impact

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System Overview - Why scalability handles growing traffic

This system explains how scalability helps handle growing traffic in web applications. It shows how adding more resources and distributing requests prevents slowdowns and failures as more users access the system.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Load Balancer
  |
  v
API Gateway
  |
  v
+-------------------+
|  Scalable Service  |
|  (Multiple Nodes)  |
+-------------------+
  |
  v
Cache <--> Database
Components
User
client
Sends requests to the system
Load Balancer
load_balancer
Distributes incoming traffic evenly across service nodes
API Gateway
api_gateway
Routes requests to appropriate services and handles security
Scalable Service
service
Processes requests; multiple instances allow handling more traffic
Cache
cache
Stores frequently accessed data to reduce database load and latency
Database
database
Stores persistent data for the application
Request Flow - 10 Hops
User → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → API Gateway
API Gateway → Scalable Service
Scalable Service → Cache
Cache → Scalable Service
Scalable Service → Database
Database → Scalable Service
Scalable Service → Cache
Scalable Service → API Gateway
API Gateway → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Load Balancer
Impact:All incoming traffic stops; users cannot reach the system
Mitigation:Use multiple load balancers with failover or DNS-based load balancing to avoid single point of failure
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
What component distributes user requests to multiple service instances?
ADatabase
BLoad Balancer
CCache
DAPI Gateway
Design Principle
This architecture shows how scalability is achieved by distributing traffic through a load balancer to multiple service instances. Using cache reduces database load and latency, enabling the system to handle growing user traffic efficiently.