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HLDsystem_design~12 mins

gRPC for internal services in HLD - Architecture Diagram

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System Overview - gRPC for internal services

This system uses gRPC to enable fast, efficient communication between internal microservices. The key requirements are low latency, strong typing, and easy service discovery within a secure internal network.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Load Balancer
  |
  v
API Gateway
  |
  v
+----------------+       +----------------+
|  Service A     |<----->|  Service B     |
| (gRPC Server)  |       | (gRPC Server)  |
+----------------+       +----------------+
       |                        |
       v                        v
+----------------+       +----------------+
|  Cache (Redis) |       |  Database      |
+----------------+       +----------------+
Components
User
client
Initiates requests to the system
Load Balancer
load_balancer
Distributes incoming requests evenly to API Gateway instances
API Gateway
api_gateway
Entry point for client requests, routes to internal services
Service A
service
Handles business logic and communicates with Service B via gRPC
Service B
service
Processes data and interacts with database and cache
Cache (Redis)
cache
Stores frequently accessed data to reduce database load
Database
database
Persistent storage for application data
Request Flow - 12 Hops
User → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → API Gateway
API Gateway → Service A
Service A → Service B
Service B → Cache (Redis)
Cache (Redis) → Service B
Service B → Database
Database → Service B
Service B → Service A
Service A → API Gateway
API Gateway → Load Balancer
Load Balancer → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Database
Impact:Writes fail and cache misses cannot be fulfilled; reads may still succeed if data is cached
Mitigation:Use database replication for failover; cache serves stale data for reads; alert and retry writes when DB recovers
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
Which component handles the routing of client requests to internal services?
ALoad Balancer
BAPI Gateway
CService A
DCache
Design Principle
This architecture demonstrates how gRPC enables efficient, low-latency communication between internal microservices, improving performance and maintainability. Using a cache before the database reduces load and latency, while the API Gateway centralizes request routing and security.