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HLDsystem_design~12 mins

ACID properties in HLD - Architecture Diagram

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System Overview - ACID properties

The system ensures reliable and consistent transactions in a database. It guarantees that each transaction is processed completely or not at all, maintains data accuracy, isolates concurrent transactions, and ensures durability of committed data.

Architecture Diagram
User
  |
  v
Transaction Manager
  |
  v
Lock Manager <-> Log Manager
  |
  v
Database Storage
  |
  v
Backup System
Components
User
client
Initiates database transactions
Transaction Manager
service
Coordinates transaction execution ensuring ACID properties
Lock Manager
service
Manages locks to isolate concurrent transactions
Log Manager
service
Records transaction logs for durability and recovery
Database Storage
database
Stores persistent data and applies transaction changes
Backup System
service
Maintains copies of data for recovery and durability
Request Flow - 6 Hops
User → Transaction Manager
Transaction Manager → Lock Manager
Transaction Manager → Database Storage
Transaction Manager → Log Manager
Transaction Manager → Lock Manager
Transaction Manager → User
Failure Scenario
Component Fails:Database Storage
Impact:Data writes may fail; ongoing transactions cannot complete; potential data inconsistency if not recovered
Mitigation:Use transaction logs and backup system to recover data; rollback incomplete transactions; ensure durability via log before commit
Architecture Quiz - 3 Questions
Test your understanding
Which component ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other?
ALock Manager
BLog Manager
CBackup System
DTransaction Manager
Design Principle
This architecture demonstrates how ACID properties are enforced by coordinating transaction management, locking for isolation, logging for durability, and persistent storage to ensure consistency and atomicity.