EJS template setup in Express

Introduction

EJS helps you create web pages that change based on data. It mixes HTML with simple code to show dynamic content.

You want to show user names or messages on a webpage.

You need to build a website that updates content without rewriting HTML.

You want to separate your webpage design from your server code.

You are making a small to medium website with Express and want easy templates.

You want to reuse parts of your webpage like headers or footers.

Syntax

Express

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'Home Page' });
});

Use app.set('view engine', 'ejs') to tell Express to use EJS templates.

The res.render method loads the EJS file and sends the HTML to the browser.

Examples

This line sets EJS as the template engine for your Express app.

Express

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

This sends the index.ejs file to the browser and passes a variable user with value 'Alice'.

Express

res.render('index', { user: 'Alice' });

Put your EJS files inside a views folder by default.

Express

// Folder structure:
// views/
//   index.ejs
//   partials/
//     header.ejs

Sample Program

This Express app uses EJS to render a simple page. The title variable is shown in the page title and heading.

Express

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { title: 'Welcome to EJS' });
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Server running on http://localhost:3000');
});

// index.ejs file content:
// <html>
// <head><title><%= title %></title></head>
// <body>
//   <h1><%= title %></h1>
//   <p>This page is rendered using EJS template.</p>
// </body>
// </html>

Important Notes

Make sure to install EJS with npm install ejs before running your app.

Keep your EJS files in the views folder unless you change the default path.

You can pass many variables to your EJS templates using the object in res.render.

Summary

EJS lets you create dynamic HTML pages easily with Express.

Set EJS as the view engine using app.set('view engine', 'ejs').

Use res.render to send EJS templates with data to the browser.

Practice

1. What does the line app.set('view engine', 'ejs') do in an Express app?

easy

A. It creates a new EJS file in the views folder.

B. It installs the EJS package automatically.

C. It tells Express to use EJS as the template engine for rendering views.

D. It starts the Express server with EJS support.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of app.set

   This method configures Express settings, here it sets the template engine.

2. Step 2: Identify what 'view engine' setting does

   Setting 'view engine' to 'ejs' tells Express to use EJS to render view files automatically.

3. Final Answer:

   It tells Express to use EJS as the template engine for rendering views. -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   app.set('view engine', 'ejs') = Use EJS [OK]

Hint: Remember: app.set('view engine', 'ejs') enables EJS rendering [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking it installs EJS automatically
• Confusing it with creating files
• Assuming it starts the server

2. Which of the following is the correct way to render an EJS template named index.ejs with Express?

easy

A. res.render('index.ejs')

B. res.view('index')

C. res.send('index.ejs')

D. res.render('index')

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall how Express renders templates

   Express uses res.render with the template name without extension.

2. Step 2: Identify correct syntax

   Passing 'index' (without '.ejs') is correct; Express adds the extension automatically.

3. Final Answer:

   res.render('index') -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Use res.render('templateName') without extension [OK]

Hint: Use template name without extension in res.render() [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Including the .ejs extension in res.render()
• Using res.send() instead of res.render()
• Using non-existent res.view() method

3. Given this Express code snippet, what will be the output in the browser?

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('greeting', { name: 'Sam' });
});

And the greeting.ejs file contains:

<h1>Hello, <%= name %>!</h1>

medium

A. Hello, <%= name %>!

B. Hello, Sam!

C. Error: name is not defined

D. Hello, !

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand data passing to EJS

   The object { name: 'Sam' } passes 'Sam' as the value for 'name' in the template.

2. Step 2: Interpret EJS syntax in template

   <%= name %> outputs the value of 'name' safely, so it becomes 'Sam'.

3. Final Answer:

   <h1>Hello, Sam!</h1> -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   EJS <%= %> inserts variable value [OK]

Hint: EJS <%= %> inserts passed data values directly [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting raw template tags to show in output
• Forgetting to pass data object to render
• Confusing <%= %> with <% %> (no output)

4. What is wrong with this Express setup for EJS?

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('home.ejs');
});

medium

A. The template name in res.render should not include the '.ejs' extension.

B. EJS must be required explicitly with require('ejs').

C. app.set should be called after app.get.

D. res.render cannot be used inside app.get.

Solution

1. Step 1: Check usage of res.render

   res.render expects the template name without the file extension.

2. Step 2: Identify the error in code

   Passing 'home.ejs' includes extension, which causes Express to look for 'home.ejs.ejs'.

3. Final Answer:

   The template name in res.render should not include the '.ejs' extension. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Use res.render('templateName') without extension [OK]

Hint: Never add .ejs extension in res.render() call [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Adding .ejs extension in res.render()
• Thinking require('ejs') is mandatory
• Changing app.set order unnecessarily

5. You want to render a list of users dynamically in an EJS template. Which setup correctly passes the users array and renders it inside users.ejs?

const users = ['Anna', 'Bob', 'Cara'];

app.get('/users', (req, res) => {
  // What goes here?
});

Choose the correct code to replace // What goes here?.

hard

A. res.render('users', { users: users });

B. res.render('users.ejs', { users });

C. res.send('users', { users });

D. res.render('users', users);

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand how to pass data to EJS

   Data must be passed as an object with keys matching template variables.

2. Step 2: Check correct syntax for res.render

   Use res.render('templateName', { key: value }) without file extension.

3. Final Answer:

   res.render('users', { users: users }); -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Pass data as object in res.render(template, data) [OK]

Hint: Pass data as object: res.render('name', {key: value}) [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Including .ejs extension in template name
• Passing array directly instead of inside object
• Using res.send instead of res.render