UPPER, LOWER, PROPER in Excel - Cell-by-Cell Formula Trace

Sample Data

This data shows text strings in different cases to demonstrate how UPPER, LOWER, and PROPER functions change text case.

Cell	Value
A1	hello world
A2	Excel Formula
A3	mIxEd CaSe tExT

Formula Trace

=UPPER(A1)

Step 1: A1

Step 2: UPPER("hello world")

Cell Reference Map

hello world

↓

Excel Formula

↓

mIxEd CaSe tExT

The formula references cell A1 which contains 'hello world'.

Result

    A           B
1 hello world  HELLO WORLD
2 Excel Formula
3 mIxEd CaSe tExT

The formula in B1 shows the uppercase version of A1's text.

Sheet Trace Quiz - 3 Questions

What will =LOWER(A2) return if A2 contains 'Excel Formula'?

A EXCEL FORMULA

B excel formula

C Excel Formula

D eXcEl fOrMuLa

Key Result

UPPER converts all letters to uppercase; LOWER converts all letters to lowercase; PROPER capitalizes the first letter of each word.