Running a container with docker run - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Running a container with docker run

📖 Scenario: You want to run a simple web server inside a Docker container on your computer. This will help you understand how to start containers using the docker run command.

🎯 Goal: Learn how to run a Docker container using the docker run command with specific options to start a web server and expose it to your computer.

📋 What You'll Learn

Use the official nginx Docker image

Run the container in detached mode

Map port 8080 on your computer to port 80 in the container

Name the container mynginx

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Running containers is how many developers and system administrators deploy applications quickly and consistently on any machine.

💼 Career

Knowing how to use <code>docker run</code> is a fundamental skill for DevOps roles, cloud engineers, and software developers working with containerized applications.

1

Pull the nginx image

Write the docker pull nginx command to download the official nginx image from Docker Hub.

Docker

# Write the command to pull the nginx image
# Your code here

Hint

Use docker pull nginx to get the image from Docker Hub.

2

Run nginx container in detached mode

Write the docker run command to start a container named mynginx from the nginx image in detached mode.

Docker

docker pull nginx
# Run the nginx container named mynginx in detached mode
# Your code here

Hint

Use docker run --name mynginx -d nginx to start the container in the background.

3

Map port 8080 to port 80

Modify the docker run command to map port 8080 on your computer to port 80 inside the container.

Docker

docker pull nginx
docker run --name mynginx -d nginx
# Add port mapping from 8080 to 80
# Your code here

Hint

Add -p 8080:80 to map ports.

4

Verify the container is running

Write the docker ps command to list running containers and verify mynginx is running.

Docker

docker pull nginx
docker run --name mynginx -d -p 8080:80 nginx
# List running containers
# Your code here

Hint

Use docker ps to see running containers.

Practice

1. What does the docker run command do?

easy

A. Starts a new container from a specified image

B. Builds a new Docker image from a Dockerfile

C. Stops a running Docker container

D. Deletes an existing Docker image

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of docker run

   The docker run command is used to start a new container based on a Docker image.

2. Step 2: Differentiate from other Docker commands

   Commands like docker build create images, docker stop stops containers, and docker rmi removes images, so they are not correct here.

3. Final Answer:

   Starts a new container from a specified image -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   docker run = start container [OK]

Hint: Remember: run = start container from image [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing 'run' with 'build' command
• Thinking 'run' deletes images
• Mixing 'run' with stopping containers

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to run an interactive container with a bash shell using the image ubuntu?

easy

A. docker run ubuntu -it bash

B. docker run -d ubuntu bash

C. docker run -it ubuntu bash

D. docker run ubuntu -d -it bash

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify flags for interactive mode

   The -it flag is used to run a container interactively with a terminal attached.

2. Step 2: Check command order and flags

   The correct syntax places flags immediately after docker run, then the image name, then the command to run inside the container.

3. Final Answer:

   docker run -it ubuntu bash -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Flags before image, -it for interactive [OK]

Hint: Put flags right after 'docker run', then image, then command [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Placing flags after image name
• Using -d for interactive shell
• Mixing order of command and flags

3. What will be the output of the following command?

docker run --rm alpine echo Hello World

medium

A. Hello World

B. Container ID printed

C. Error: alpine image not found

D. No output, container runs in background

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the command components

   docker run --rm alpine echo Hello World runs the echo Hello World command inside an Alpine container and removes the container after it finishes.

2. Step 2: Predict the output

   The command prints Hello World to the terminal, then the container stops and is removed automatically.

3. Final Answer:

   Hello World -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Run with echo prints text, --rm cleans up [OK]

Hint: Echo prints text, --rm removes container after run [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting container ID output
• Thinking container stays running
• Assuming image is missing

4. You run docker run -p 8080:80 nginx but cannot access the web server on port 8080. What is a likely cause?

medium

A. Port mapping syntax is incorrect

B. The container is not running

C. You forgot to add -d to run detached

D. Port 80 inside container is not exposed

Solution

1. Step 1: Check container running status

   If the container is not running, port mapping won't work and you can't access the server.

2. Step 2: Verify port exposure and syntax

   By default, nginx listens on port 80 and the syntax -p 8080:80 is correct. -d is optional but recommended for background.

3. Final Answer:

   The container is not running -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Container must run for port mapping to work [OK]

Hint: Check if container is running before checking ports [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming port 80 is not exposed by nginx
• Thinking -d is required for port mapping
• Misunderstanding port mapping syntax

5. You want to run a container from the image myapp that needs environment variables API_KEY and DEBUG set, and expose port 5000 on the host to port 80 in the container. Which command is correct?

hard

A. docker run -e API_KEY=123 DEBUG=true -p 5000:80 myapp

B. docker run -p 80:5000 -e API_KEY=123 -e DEBUG=true myapp

C. docker run myapp -e API_KEY=123 -e DEBUG=true -p 5000:80

D. docker run -e API_KEY=123 -e DEBUG=true -p 5000:80 myapp

Solution

1. Step 1: Set environment variables correctly

   Use -e VAR=value for each environment variable before the image name.

2. Step 2: Map ports correctly

   Host port 5000 maps to container port 80 with -p 5000:80. The order is flags, then image name.

3. Step 3: Verify command order and syntax

   Options must come before the image name. docker run -p 80:5000 -e API_KEY=123 -e DEBUG=true myapp reverses ports, C places options after image, D misses -e for second variable.

4. Final Answer:

   docker run -e API_KEY=123 -e DEBUG=true -p 5000:80 myapp -> Option D

5. Quick Check:

   Flags before image, correct port and env syntax [OK]

Hint: Put all flags before image; use -e for each env var [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Placing options after image name
• Reversing port mapping order
• Missing -e for environment variables