before and after hooks in Cypress

Introduction

Before and after hooks help run setup and cleanup steps automatically in tests. They make tests easier and cleaner by avoiding repeated code.

You want to open a website before each test starts.

You need to reset data after a test finishes.

You want to log in once before running several tests.

You want to clear cookies or local storage after tests.

You want to prepare test data before running tests.

Syntax

Cypress

before(() => {
  // code to run once before all tests
});

after(() => {
  // code to run once after all tests
});

beforeEach(() => {
  // code to run before each test
});

afterEach(() => {
  // code to run after each test
});

before and after run once per test suite.

beforeEach and afterEach run before or after every single test.

Examples

This opens the website once before all tests run.

Cypress

before(() => {
  cy.visit('https://example.com')
});

This clears cookies once after all tests finish.

Cypress

after(() => {
  cy.clearCookies()
});

This logs in before each test to start fresh.

Cypress

beforeEach(() => {
  cy.login('user', 'pass')
});

This logs out after each test to clean up.

Cypress

afterEach(() => {
  cy.logout()
});

Sample Program

This test suite shows how hooks run in order. Logs help see when each hook and test runs.

Cypress

describe('My Test Suite', () => {
  before(() => {
    cy.log('Runs once before all tests')
  })

  after(() => {
    cy.log('Runs once after all tests')
  })

  beforeEach(() => {
    cy.log('Runs before each test')
  })

  afterEach(() => {
    cy.log('Runs after each test')
  })

  it('Test 1', () => {
    cy.log('Executing Test 1')
  })

  it('Test 2', () => {
    cy.log('Executing Test 2')
  })
})

Important Notes

Hooks help keep tests DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).

Use beforeEach and afterEach for setup/cleanup needed for every test.

Use before and after for one-time setup or cleanup.

Summary

Before and after hooks run code automatically around tests.

Use before/after once per suite, beforeEach/afterEach per test.

They make tests cleaner and easier to maintain.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of before and after hooks in Cypress testing?

easy

A. To define test data inside tests

B. To write the main test steps

C. To skip tests conditionally

D. To run setup and cleanup code once per test suite

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the role of hooks

   Hooks like before and after run code automatically before or after tests.

2. Step 2: Identify their scope

   before and after run once per test suite, ideal for setup and cleanup.

3. Final Answer:

   To run setup and cleanup code once per test suite -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Hooks run code around tests = D [OK]

Hint: Remember: before/after run once per suite, beforeEach/afterEach per test [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing before with beforeEach
• Thinking hooks run inside tests
• Using hooks to skip tests

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to run a function once before all tests in a Cypress test suite?

easy

A. before(() => { cy.visit('/') })

B. beforeEach(() => { cy.visit('/') })

C. after(() => { cy.visit('/') })

D. afterEach(() => { cy.visit('/') })

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify the hook that runs once before all tests

   before runs once before the entire suite; beforeEach runs before each test.

2. Step 2: Match the syntax

   before(() => { cy.visit('/') }) is the correct syntax to run once before all tests.

3. Final Answer:

   before(() => { cy.visit('/') }) -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Run once before all tests = before() = A [OK]

Hint: Use before() for once before all tests, beforeEach() for every test [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using beforeEach instead of before for once-per-suite setup
• Confusing after with before
• Incorrect arrow function syntax

3. Consider this Cypress code snippet:

describe('My Suite', () => {
  before(() => {
    cy.log('Setup once')
  })
  beforeEach(() => {
    cy.log('Setup before each test')
  })
  it('Test 1', () => {
    cy.log('Running Test 1')
  })
  it('Test 2', () => {
    cy.log('Running Test 2')
  })
})

What is the order of logs printed during test execution?

medium

A. Setup before each test, Setup once, Running Test 1, Running Test 2

B. Setup once, Setup before each test, Running Test 1, Setup before each test, Running Test 2

C. Running Test 1, Setup once, Setup before each test, Running Test 2

D. Setup once, Running Test 1, Setup before each test, Running Test 2

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand hook execution order

   before runs once before all tests, beforeEach runs before each test.

2. Step 2: Trace the logs

   Logs print in this order: 'Setup once' (before all), then for Test 1: 'Setup before each test', 'Running Test 1', then for Test 2: 'Setup before each test', 'Running Test 2'.

3. Final Answer:

   Setup once, Setup before each test, Running Test 1, Setup before each test, Running Test 2 -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   before runs once, beforeEach runs before each test = A [OK]

Hint: Remember: before runs once, beforeEach runs before every test [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking beforeEach runs only once
• Mixing order of logs
• Ignoring before hook

4. You wrote this Cypress test code:

describe('Test Suite', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    cy.visit('/home')
  })
  after(() => {
    cy.clearCookies()
  })
  it('Test A', () => {
    cy.get('#btn').click()
  })
  it('Test B', () => {
    cy.get('#btn').click()
  })
})

But the cy.clearCookies() is not running after each test as expected. What is the problem?

medium

A. after runs once after all tests, not after each test

B. You must call cy.clearCookies() inside each test manually

C. after should be afterEach to run after each test

D. beforeEach should be before to clear cookies

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the difference between after and afterEach

   after runs once after all tests; afterEach runs after each test.

2. Step 2: Identify the problem

   after runs once after all tests, not after each test.

3. Final Answer:

   after runs once after all tests, not after each test -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   after runs once per suite = A [OK]

Hint: Use afterEach for per-test cleanup, after for once after all tests [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using after instead of afterEach for per-test cleanup
• Expecting after to run multiple times
• Manually clearing cookies inside tests

5. You want to run a setup step once before all tests, a cleanup step once after all tests, and also run a login step before each test in Cypress. Which code snippet correctly implements this?

hard

A. beforeEach(() => { cy.setup() }); afterEach(() => { cy.cleanup() }); before(() => { cy.login() });

B. before(() => { cy.login() }); afterEach(() => { cy.cleanup() }); beforeEach(() => { cy.setup() });

C. before(() => { cy.setup() }); after(() => { cy.cleanup() }); beforeEach(() => { cy.login() });

D. after(() => { cy.setup() }); before(() => { cy.cleanup() }); afterEach(() => { cy.login() });

Solution

1. Step 1: Assign setup and cleanup hooks

   Setup runs once before all tests using before, cleanup runs once after all tests using after.

2. Step 2: Assign login before each test

   Login runs before each test using beforeEach.

3. Step 3: Verify correct order and usage

   before(() => { cy.setup() }); after(() => { cy.cleanup() }); beforeEach(() => { cy.login() }); correctly uses before, after, and beforeEach for these steps.

4. Final Answer:

   before(() => { cy.setup() }); after(() => { cy.cleanup() }); beforeEach(() => { cy.login() }); -> Option C

5. Quick Check:

   Setup once before, cleanup once after, login before each = B [OK]

Hint: Use before for setup, after for cleanup, beforeEach for per-test login [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Mixing beforeEach with once-per-suite hooks
• Placing login in before or after hooks incorrectly
• Swapping setup and cleanup hooks