AKS networking (kubenet, Azure CNI) - Mini Project: Build & Apply

AKS Networking Setup with Kubenet and Azure CNI

📖 Scenario: You are setting up a Kubernetes cluster on Azure using Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). You want to understand how to configure the networking options: kubenet and Azure CNI. These networking options control how pods get IP addresses and communicate inside and outside the cluster.Imagine you are a cloud engineer preparing the cluster configuration files to deploy AKS with these networking options.

🎯 Goal: Build two AKS cluster configuration snippets: one using kubenet networking and one using Azure CNI networking. You will create the base cluster configuration, add a networking configuration variable, apply the networking type, and finalize the cluster setup with network plugin settings.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a base AKS cluster configuration dictionary with required fields

Add a variable to select the networking plugin type

Apply the networking plugin type to the cluster configuration

Complete the cluster configuration with network plugin specific settings

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

AKS clusters require proper network configuration to ensure pods can communicate and access resources securely and efficiently. Understanding kubenet and Azure CNI helps in choosing the right setup for your applications.

💼 Career

Cloud engineers and DevOps professionals often configure AKS clusters. Knowing how to set networking options is essential for deploying scalable and secure Kubernetes environments on Azure.

1

Create base AKS cluster configuration

Create a dictionary called aks_cluster with these exact keys and values: 'name': 'myAKSCluster', 'location': 'eastus', 'resource_group': 'myResourceGroup', and 'node_count': 3.

Azure

# Your code here

Hint

Use a Python dictionary with the exact keys and values given.

2

Add networking plugin variable

Create a variable called network_plugin and set it to the string 'kubenet'.

Azure

aks_cluster = {
    'name': 'myAKSCluster',
    'location': 'eastus',
    'resource_group': 'myResourceGroup',
    'node_count': 3
}
# Your code here

Hint

Assign the string 'kubenet' to the variable named network_plugin.

3

Apply networking plugin to cluster configuration

Add a key 'network_profile' to the aks_cluster dictionary. Set its value to another dictionary with the key 'network_plugin' and the value from the variable network_plugin.

Azure

aks_cluster = {
    'name': 'myAKSCluster',
    'location': 'eastus',
    'resource_group': 'myResourceGroup',
    'node_count': 3
}

network_plugin = 'kubenet'
# Your code here

Hint

Use dictionary assignment to add the network profile with the plugin value.

4

Complete cluster configuration with network plugin settings

If the network_plugin is 'kubenet', add the key 'service_cidr' with value '10.0.0.0/16' and 'dns_service_ip' with value '10.0.0.10' inside the network_profile dictionary. If it is 'azure', add the key 'pod_cidr' with value '10.244.0.0/16' inside network_profile. For this project, just add the kubenet settings.

Azure

aks_cluster = {
    'name': 'myAKSCluster',
    'location': 'eastus',
    'resource_group': 'myResourceGroup',
    'node_count': 3
}

network_plugin = 'kubenet'

aks_cluster['network_profile'] = {'network_plugin': network_plugin}
# Your code here

Hint

Use an if statement to add the correct keys and values inside the network_profile dictionary.

Practice

1. What is the main difference between kubenet and Azure CNI networking in AKS?

easy

A. Both assign IPs from the Azure subnet but differ in routing protocols.

B. Kubenet uses NAT and assigns pod IPs from a private range, Azure CNI assigns IPs from the Azure subnet directly.

C. Kubenet assigns IPs from the Azure subnet, Azure CNI uses NAT for pod IPs.

D. Azure CNI uses NAT, while kubenet assigns IPs from the Azure subnet.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand kubenet networking

   Kubenet assigns pod IPs from a private IP range and uses NAT to allow pods to communicate outside the cluster.

2. Step 2: Understand Azure CNI networking

   Azure CNI assigns pod IPs directly from the Azure virtual network subnet, allowing pods to have direct IP addresses visible in the Azure network.

3. Final Answer:

   Kubenet uses NAT and assigns pod IPs from a private range, Azure CNI assigns IPs from the Azure subnet directly. -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Kubenet = NAT, Azure CNI = Azure subnet IPs [OK]

Hint: Kubenet uses NAT; Azure CNI uses Azure subnet IPs [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing which method uses NAT
• Thinking both assign IPs from Azure subnet
• Assuming Azure CNI uses private IP range

2. Which of the following is the correct way to specify Azure CNI networking when creating an AKS cluster using Azure CLI?

easy

A. az aks create --name myAKS --resource-group myRG --network-plugin azure

B. az aks create --name myAKS --resource-group myRG --network-plugin kubenet

C. az aks create --name myAKS --resource-group myRG --network-plugin azure-cni

D. az aks create --name myAKS --resource-group myRG --network-plugin azurecni

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify the correct network plugin name for Azure CNI

   The Azure CLI uses the exact string azure to specify Azure CNI networking.

2. Step 2: Check the command syntax

   The command must include --network-plugin azure to enable Azure CNI networking.

3. Final Answer:

   az aks create --name myAKS --resource-group myRG --network-plugin azure -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Azure CNI plugin = azure [OK]

Hint: Azure CNI plugin is exactly 'azure' in CLI [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using 'azure-cni' instead of 'azure'
• Confusing kubenet with Azure CNI plugin name
• Typos in the network plugin parameter

3. Given an AKS cluster configured with kubenet, what will happen if a pod tries to communicate with another pod in a different node?

medium

A. Pods communicate directly using their Azure subnet IPs without NAT.

B. Pod traffic is blocked by default between nodes.

C. Pods cannot communicate across nodes in kubenet mode.

D. The pod-to-pod traffic will be routed through the node's NAT IP and may require additional routing setup.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand pod communication in kubenet mode

   In kubenet, pods get private IPs and use NAT on the node to communicate outside their node.

2. Step 2: Analyze cross-node pod communication

   Traffic between pods on different nodes goes through the node's NAT IP, requiring routing rules to allow this traffic.

3. Final Answer:

   The pod-to-pod traffic will be routed through the node's NAT IP and may require additional routing setup. -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Kubenet cross-node uses NAT routing [OK]

Hint: Kubenet pods use NAT IPs for cross-node traffic [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming direct pod IP communication in kubenet
• Thinking pods cannot communicate across nodes
• Believing pod traffic is blocked by default

4. You deployed an AKS cluster with Azure CNI but pods are not getting IP addresses from the Azure subnet. What is the likely cause?

medium

A. The Azure subnet does not have enough free IP addresses for pods.

B. The cluster was created with kubenet instead of Azure CNI.

C. The pods are configured to use host networking.

D. The Azure CNI plugin is not installed on the nodes.

Solution

1. Step 1: Check IP availability in Azure subnet

   Azure CNI assigns pod IPs from the Azure subnet. If the subnet IP pool is exhausted, pods cannot get IPs.

2. Step 2: Verify cluster network plugin and configuration

   Since the cluster is deployed with Azure CNI, the plugin is installed. Host networking would not prevent IP assignment.

3. Final Answer:

   The Azure subnet does not have enough free IP addresses for pods. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Subnet IP exhaustion blocks pod IP assignment [OK]

Hint: Check subnet IP availability first for Azure CNI issues [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming plugin is missing when cluster uses Azure CNI
• Ignoring subnet IP exhaustion
• Confusing host networking with IP assignment

5. You want to deploy an AKS cluster that allows pods to communicate directly with other Azure resources in the same virtual network using their pod IPs. Which networking option should you choose and why?

hard

A. Use kubenet with additional routing rules to enable pod IP visibility.

B. Use kubenet because it saves IP addresses and allows direct pod IP communication.

C. Use Azure CNI because it assigns pod IPs from the Azure subnet enabling direct communication with Azure resources.

D. Use Azure CNI but disable IP assignment to pods for better security.

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify networking needs for direct pod-to-Azure resource communication

   Direct communication requires pods to have IPs visible in the Azure virtual network.

2. Step 2: Compare kubenet and Azure CNI capabilities

   Kubenet uses NAT and private IPs, so pods are not directly reachable. Azure CNI assigns pod IPs from the Azure subnet, enabling direct communication.

3. Final Answer:

   Use Azure CNI because it assigns pod IPs from the Azure subnet enabling direct communication with Azure resources. -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Azure CNI = direct pod IPs in Azure subnet [OK]

Hint: Azure CNI enables direct pod IP communication with Azure resources [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Choosing kubenet for direct pod IP communication
• Thinking kubenet allows direct pod IP visibility
• Disabling IP assignment in Azure CNI disables communication