Spot Instances for cost savings in AWS - Mini Project: Build & Apply

Spot Instances for cost savings

📖 Scenario: You are managing a cloud infrastructure for a small company. You want to save money by using AWS Spot Instances, which are cheaper but can be interrupted. You will create a simple configuration to launch a Spot Instance with a specific instance type and maximum price.

🎯 Goal: Build an AWS EC2 Spot Instance request configuration using JSON that specifies the instance type, maximum price, and launch specifications.

📋 What You'll Learn

Create a JSON object named spot_request with the key InstanceCount set to 1

Add a key SpotPrice with the value "0.05" (maximum price in USD)

Include a nested object LaunchSpecification with the key InstanceType set to "t3.micro"

Add the key ImageId inside LaunchSpecification with the value "ami-0abcdef1234567890" (example AMI ID)

💡 Why This Matters

🌍 Real World

Companies use Spot Instances to reduce cloud costs by bidding on spare capacity. This project shows how to configure such requests.

💼 Career

Cloud engineers and DevOps professionals often create and manage Spot Instance requests to optimize infrastructure spending.

1

Create the initial Spot Instance request structure

Create a JSON object called spot_request with the key InstanceCount set to 1.

AWS

# Your code here

Hint

Use curly braces to create a dictionary and set InstanceCount to 1.

2

Add the maximum Spot price

Add a key SpotPrice with the value "0.05" to the spot_request dictionary.

AWS

spot_request = {
    "InstanceCount": 1,
    # Add SpotPrice key here
}

Hint

Add the SpotPrice key with the string value "0.05" inside the dictionary.

3

Add launch specifications with instance type

Add a nested dictionary LaunchSpecification inside spot_request with the key InstanceType set to "t3.micro".

AWS

spot_request = {
    "InstanceCount": 1,
    "SpotPrice": "0.05",
    # Add LaunchSpecification dictionary here
}

Hint

Create a nested dictionary for LaunchSpecification with the key InstanceType set to "t3.micro".

4

Add the AMI ID to launch specifications

Inside the LaunchSpecification dictionary, add the key ImageId with the value "ami-0abcdef1234567890".

AWS

spot_request = {
    "InstanceCount": 1,
    "SpotPrice": "0.05",
    "LaunchSpecification": {
        "InstanceType": "t3.micro",
        # Add ImageId here
    }
}

Hint

Add the ImageId key with the example AMI ID inside the LaunchSpecification dictionary.

Practice

1. What is the main benefit of using Spot Instances in AWS?

easy

A. They offer unlimited storage space for your data.

B. They guarantee 24/7 uptime without interruptions.

C. They automatically scale your application based on traffic.

D. They provide significant cost savings by using spare capacity.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand Spot Instances purpose

   Spot Instances use spare AWS capacity and are cheaper but can be interrupted.

2. Step 2: Compare options

   Only They provide significant cost savings by using spare capacity. mentions cost savings from spare capacity, others describe unrelated features.

3. Final Answer:

   They provide significant cost savings by using spare capacity. -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Spot Instances = Cost savings [OK]

Hint: Spot Instances save money by using spare capacity [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking Spot Instances guarantee uptime
• Confusing Spot Instances with auto-scaling
• Assuming Spot Instances provide extra storage

2. Which of the following is the correct way to request a Spot Instance using AWS CLI?

easy

A. aws ec2 request-spot-instances --spot-price 0.05 --instance-count 1 --type t3.micro

B. aws ec2 create-spot-instance --price 0.05 --count 1 --instance-type t3.micro

C. aws ec2 spot-instance-request --max-price 0.05 --count 1 --instance t3.micro

D. aws ec2 launch-spot-instance --price 0.05 --number 1 --type t3.micro

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify correct AWS CLI command

   The correct command is aws ec2 request-spot-instances with parameters like --spot-price, --instance-count, and --type.

2. Step 2: Check options for syntax correctness

   Only aws ec2 request-spot-instances --spot-price 0.05 --instance-count 1 --type t3.micro uses the correct command and parameter names as per AWS CLI documentation.

3. Final Answer:

   aws ec2 request-spot-instances --spot-price 0.05 --instance-count 1 --type t3.micro -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Correct CLI syntax = aws ec2 request-spot-instances --spot-price 0.05 --instance-count 1 --type t3.micro [OK]

Hint: Use 'aws ec2 request-spot-instances' with correct flags [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using wrong command names like create-spot-instance
• Incorrect parameter names like --price instead of --spot-price
• Mixing instance count and type flags

3. Consider this AWS CLI command output snippet after requesting Spot Instances:

{
  "SpotInstanceRequests": [
    {
      "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-12345",
      "State": "active",
      "Status": {"Code": "fulfilled", "Message": "Your Spot request is fulfilled."},
      "InstanceId": "i-67890"
    }
  ]
}

What does this output indicate?

medium

A. The Spot Instance request is active and the instance is running.

B. The Spot Instance request was denied due to price limits.

C. The Spot Instance request is pending and waiting for capacity.

D. The Spot Instance request was cancelled by the user.

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze the 'State' and 'Status' fields

   The state is "active" and status code is "fulfilled", meaning the request succeeded and instance launched.

2. Step 2: Interpret the meaning of 'InstanceId'

   The presence of an InstanceId means the Spot Instance is running.

3. Final Answer:

   The Spot Instance request is active and the instance is running. -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   State active + fulfilled = running instance [OK]

Hint: Active state and fulfilled status mean instance is running [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing 'active' with 'pending'
• Ignoring the 'fulfilled' status message
• Assuming InstanceId is missing means failure

4. You wrote this JSON snippet to request a Spot Instance but it fails:

{
  "InstanceCount": 1,
  "Type": "one-time",
  "LaunchSpecification": {
    "InstanceType": "t3.micro",
    "ImageId": "ami-0abcdef1234567890"
  }
}

What is the likely error causing the failure?

medium

A. Wrong Type value; should be "persistent" only.

B. Missing the SpotPrice field to set max price.

C. Incorrect InstanceCount value; must be zero.

D. Invalid ImageId format; must be numeric only.

Solution

1. Step 1: Check required fields for Spot Instance request

   Spot requests require a SpotPrice to specify max price willing to pay.

2. Step 2: Validate other fields

   InstanceCount of 1 is valid, Type can be "one-time", and ImageId format is correct.

3. Final Answer:

   Missing the SpotPrice field to set max price. -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   SpotPrice required for request [OK]

Hint: SpotPrice is mandatory in Spot Instance requests [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting SpotPrice field
• Using invalid Type values
• Misunderstanding ImageId format

5. You want to run a batch job on AWS using Spot Instances to save costs. The job can be interrupted and resumed later. Which strategy best balances cost savings and job completion?

hard

A. Use Reserved Instances for guaranteed availability.

B. Request On-Demand Instances only to avoid interruptions.

C. Request Spot Instances with a low max price and use checkpointing to save progress.

D. Request Spot Instances with the highest max price to avoid interruptions.

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand workload tolerance

   The batch job can handle interruptions and resume, so Spot Instances are suitable.

2. Step 2: Choose cost-effective and reliable approach

   Setting a low max price saves money but risks interruptions; checkpointing allows resuming work safely.

3. Step 3: Evaluate other options

   On-Demand and Reserved Instances cost more and don't leverage Spot savings; highest max price reduces savings.

4. Final Answer:

   Request Spot Instances with a low max price and use checkpointing to save progress. -> Option C

5. Quick Check:

   Interruptible job + low price + checkpointing = best cost savings [OK]

Hint: Use low max price + checkpointing for interruptible jobs [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Choosing On-Demand or Reserved ignoring cost savings
• Setting max price too high losing savings
• Not implementing checkpointing for interruptions