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During a heavy workload, a system using the working set model still experiences thrashing. What is the most likely sequence of events causing this?

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Operating Systems - Thrashing - Working Set Model & Prevention
During a heavy workload, a system using the working set model still experiences thrashing. What is the most likely sequence of events causing this?
AProcesses' working sets grow beyond available frames, causing frequent page faults and CPU time loss.
BThe system immediately suspends all processes to free memory, preventing thrashing.
CPage replacement algorithms perfectly predict future page references, eliminating thrashing.
DProcesses voluntarily reduce their working set sizes, improving system performance.
Step-by-Step Solution
Solution:
  1. Step 1: Identify thrashing cause under heavy load

    When total working set sizes exceed physical memory, thrashing occurs despite the model.
  2. Step 2: Evaluate options

    A: Immediate suspension is not typical or practical.
    B: Processes' working sets exceeding available frames cause frequent page faults and CPU time loss.
    C: Perfect prediction is impossible; thrashing still occurs.
    D: Processes do not voluntarily reduce working sets under thrashing.
  3. Final Answer:

    Option A -> Option A
  4. Quick Check:

    Working sets exceeding frames cause thrashing despite model [OK]
Quick Trick: Thrashing occurs when total working sets exceed memory [OK]
Common Mistakes:
MISTAKES
  • Assuming immediate process suspension prevents thrashing
  • Believing perfect page prediction is achievable
  • Thinking processes self-regulate working set size
Trap Explanation:
PITFALL
  • Candidates often overestimate system or process control over thrashing under heavy load.
Interviewer Note:
CONTEXT
  • Assesses understanding of working set model limits under system-wide pressure.
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