Process management with supervisor in Raspberry Pi

Introduction

Supervisor helps you keep programs running on your Raspberry Pi. It restarts them if they stop and makes managing many programs easy.

You want a program to start automatically when your Raspberry Pi boots.

You need to keep a script running all the time without manually restarting it.

You want to easily start, stop, or check the status of background programs.

You have multiple programs that should run together and be managed in one place.

Syntax

Raspberry Pi

[program:your_program_name]
command=python3 /path/to/your_script.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/your_program.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/your_program.out.log

program: This names your program in Supervisor.

command: The command to run your program.

Examples

This runs a Python script called hello.py automatically and restarts it if it crashes.

Raspberry Pi

[program:hello_world]
command=python3 /home/pi/hello.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/hello.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/hello.out.log

This manages a Node.js web server script, keeping it running all the time.

Raspberry Pi

[program:web_server]
command=/usr/bin/node /home/pi/server.js
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/web_server.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/web_server.out.log

Sample Program

This example shows how to set up Supervisor to manage a Python script that blinks an LED on your Raspberry Pi. It will start automatically and restart if it stops.

Raspberry Pi

[program:blink_led]
command=python3 /home/pi/blink_led.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/blink_led.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/blink_led.out.log

# To use this:
# 1. Save this config as /etc/supervisor/conf.d/blink_led.conf
# 2. Run 'sudo supervisorctl reread' and 'sudo supervisorctl update'
# 3. Start the program with 'sudo supervisorctl start blink_led'
# 4. Check status with 'sudo supervisorctl status blink_led'

Important Notes

After adding or changing Supervisor configs, always run sudo supervisorctl reread and sudo supervisorctl update to apply changes.

Logs help you see what your program is doing or why it stopped. Check the log files if something goes wrong.

You can control programs with sudo supervisorctl start|stop|restart program_name.

Summary

Supervisor keeps your Raspberry Pi programs running smoothly by restarting them if they stop.

You write simple config files to tell Supervisor what to run and how.

Use Supervisor commands to manage your programs easily from the terminal.

Practice

1. What is the main purpose of using supervisor on a Raspberry Pi?

easy

A. To update the Raspberry Pi operating system

B. To install new software packages

C. To manage network connections

D. To automatically restart programs if they stop unexpectedly

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand Supervisor's role

   Supervisor is a tool designed to keep programs running by restarting them if they crash or stop.

2. Step 2: Compare options with Supervisor's function

   Updating the operating system, managing network connections, or installing software packages are tasks Supervisor does not do.

3. Final Answer:

   To automatically restart programs if they stop unexpectedly -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Supervisor restarts stopped programs = B [OK]

Hint: Supervisor restarts crashed programs automatically [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing Supervisor with system update tools
• Thinking Supervisor manages network or installs software
• Assuming Supervisor only monitors without restarting

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to start Supervisor after installing it on Raspberry Pi?

easy

A. start supervisor

B. supervisor start

C. sudo systemctl start supervisor

D. sudo start supervisor

Solution

1. Step 1: Recall Supervisor service management

   Supervisor runs as a system service managed by systemctl on modern Raspberry Pi OS.

2. Step 2: Identify correct command syntax

   The correct command to start Supervisor service is sudo systemctl start supervisor. Other options are incorrect or incomplete.

3. Final Answer:

   sudo systemctl start supervisor -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   Use systemctl to start services = A [OK]

Hint: Use 'sudo systemctl start supervisor' to start service [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting sudo and getting permission errors
• Using incomplete or wrong command like 'supervisor start'
• Confusing with older init.d commands

3. Given this Supervisor config snippet:

[program:myapp]
command=python3 /home/pi/myapp.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/myapp.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/myapp.out.log

What happens if myapp.py crashes?

medium

A. Supervisor restarts myapp.py automatically

B. Supervisor stops and does not restart myapp.py

C. Supervisor logs the error but does not restart

D. Supervisor deletes the log files

Solution

1. Step 1: Analyze config options autostart and autorestart

   autostart=true means program starts with Supervisor; autorestart=true means it restarts if it crashes.

2. Step 2: Understand Supervisor behavior on crash

   With autorestart=true, Supervisor will restart myapp.py automatically after a crash.

3. Final Answer:

   Supervisor restarts myapp.py automatically -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   autorestart=true means auto restart = C [OK]

Hint: autorestart=true means program restarts on crash [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Thinking logs are deleted on crash
• Assuming Supervisor only logs errors without restart
• Confusing autostart with autorestart

4. You wrote this Supervisor config but your program does not start automatically:

[program:myapp]
command=python3 /home/pi/myapp.py
autostart=false
autorestart=true

What is the problem?

medium

A. autostart is set to false, so program won't start on Supervisor launch

B. command syntax is incorrect

C. autorestart should be false to start program

D. Log files are missing

Solution

1. Step 1: Check autostart setting

   autostart=false means Supervisor will NOT start the program automatically when it launches.

2. Step 2: Understand effect on program start

   Because autostart is false, the program must be started manually; this explains why it does not start automatically.

3. Final Answer:

   autostart is set to false, so program won't start on Supervisor launch -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   autostart=false means no auto start = D [OK]

Hint: autostart=false disables automatic program start [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing autorestart with autostart
• Assuming command syntax is wrong without checking
• Thinking missing logs stop program start

5. You want Supervisor to run two programs, app1.py and app2.py, but only restart app2.py if it crashes. Which config setup is correct?

hard

A. [program:app1]
command=python3 /home/pi/app1.py
autostart=false
autorestart=true

[program:app2]
command=python3 /home/pi/app2.py
autostart=true
autorestart=false

B. [program:app1]
command=python3 /home/pi/app1.py
autostart=true
autorestart=false

[program:app2]
command=python3 /home/pi/app2.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true

C. [program:app1]
command=python3 /home/pi/app1.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true

[program:app2]
command=python3 /home/pi/app2.py
autostart=false
autorestart=true

D. [program:app1]
command=python3 /home/pi/app1.py
autostart=false
autorestart=false

[program:app2]
command=python3 /home/pi/app2.py
autostart=false
autorestart=false

Solution

1. Step 1: Identify requirements for app1 and app2

   app1 should run automatically but NOT restart on crash (autorestart=false). app2 should run automatically and restart on crash (autorestart=true).

2. Step 2: Match config options to requirements

   [program:app1] command=python3 /home/pi/app1.py autostart=true autorestart=false [program:app2] command=python3 /home/pi/app2.py autostart=true autorestart=true sets autostart=true for both, autorestart=false for app1, and autorestart=true for app2, matching the requirements exactly.

3. Final Answer:

   [program:app1] command=python3 /home/pi/app1.py autostart=true autorestart=false [program:app2] command=python3 /home/pi/app2.py autostart=true autorestart=true -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   app1 no restart, app2 restart = A [OK]

Hint: Set autorestart true only for programs needing auto-restart [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Setting autostart false prevents program from running automatically
• Confusing autostart and autorestart settings
• Setting autorestart true for programs that shouldn't restart