findElement by linkText in Selenium Java

Introduction

We use findElement by linkText to find a clickable link on a webpage by its exact visible text. This helps us interact with links easily during testing.

When you want to click a link with a known exact text, like 'Home' or 'Contact Us'.

When testing navigation by clicking on menu items that are links.

When verifying that a specific link is present on the page.

When automating form submissions that require clicking a link to proceed.

When you want a simple way to locate links without using complex selectors.

Syntax

Selenium Java

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("exact link text"));

The text must match the link's visible text exactly, including spaces and case.

This method only works for <a> tags with visible text.

Examples

Finds the link with text exactly 'Home'.

Selenium Java

WebElement homeLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Home"));

Finds the link with text exactly 'Contact Us'.

Selenium Java

WebElement contactLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Contact Us"));

Finds a link with a non-breaking space as text (rare case).

Selenium Java

WebElement emptyLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(" "));

Sample Program

This program opens a browser, goes to example.com, tries to find the link with text 'More information...'. It prints if the link is found and visible or not. If the link is missing, it prints 'Link not found.' Finally, it closes the browser.

Selenium Java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LinkTextExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        try {
            driver.get("https://example.com");
            WebElement moreInfoLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText("More information..."));
            if (moreInfoLink.isDisplayed()) {
                System.out.println("Link found and visible.");
            } else {
                System.out.println("Link found but not visible.");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Link not found.");
        } finally {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

Important Notes

If the link text is not exact, findElement(By.linkText()) will throw a NoSuchElementException.

Use By.partialLinkText() if you want to find links by part of their text.

Always close the browser after tests to free resources.

Summary

findElement by linkText locates links by their exact visible text.

It is simple and useful for clicking or verifying links during tests.

Make sure the text matches exactly, or the element won't be found.

Practice

1. What does driver.findElement(By.linkText("Home")) do in Selenium Java?

easy

A. Finds the first link on the page with visible text exactly "Home"

B. Finds all links containing the text "Home" anywhere

C. Finds a button with the label "Home"

D. Finds an element by its HTML id "Home"

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand the method used

   findElement(By.linkText("Home")) searches for a link whose visible text exactly matches "Home".

2. Step 2: Differentiate from other locators

   It does not find buttons or elements by id, nor does it find partial matches (that would be partialLinkText).

3. Final Answer:

   Finds the first link on the page with visible text exactly "Home" -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Exact link text = Finds link by text [OK]

Hint: Exact visible text matches linkText locator [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Confusing linkText with partialLinkText
• Using linkText to find buttons or other elements
• Expecting partial matches with linkText

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax to find a link with text "Contact Us" using Selenium Java?

easy

A. driver.findElement(By.linkText("Contact Us"));

B. driver.findElement(By.linkText(Contact Us));

C. driver.findElement(By.linkText['Contact Us']);

D. driver.findElement(By.linkText{ "Contact Us" });

Solution

1. Step 1: Check correct method and parameter format

   The method findElement(By.linkText("Contact Us")) uses double quotes around the string and parentheses correctly.

2. Step 2: Identify syntax errors in other options

   Options B, C, and D have missing quotes, wrong brackets, or braces which cause syntax errors.

3. Final Answer:

   driver.findElement(By.linkText("Contact Us")); -> Option A

4. Quick Check:

   Correct syntax uses parentheses and quotes [OK]

Hint: Use parentheses and quotes exactly as method requires [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Omitting quotes around link text
• Using wrong brackets like [] or {}
• Missing parentheses after method call

3. What will happen when this code runs?

WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.linkText("About"));
System.out.println(link.getText());

Assuming the page has a link with visible text exactly "About".

medium

A. It prints the href attribute of the link

B. It throws NoSuchElementException

C. It prints "About" to the console

D. It prints null

Solution

1. Step 1: Locate the link by exact text

   The code finds the link with visible text "About" successfully because it exists on the page.

2. Step 2: Print the visible text of the found element

   link.getText() returns the visible text of the link, which is "About".

3. Final Answer:

   It prints "About" to the console -> Option C

4. Quick Check:

   getText() returns visible text [OK]

Hint: getText() returns exact visible text of found element [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Expecting getText() to print href attribute
• Assuming NoSuchElementException without checking page content
• Thinking getText() returns null if element found

4. You wrote this code but it throws NoSuchElementException:

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Login"));

The page has a link with text "Log In" (with a space). What is the problem?

medium

A. You must use partialLinkText for any link with spaces

B. linkText cannot find links with spaces

C. The method findElement is deprecated for links

D. The linkText must match the text exactly, so "Login" does not match "Log In"

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand exact matching requirement

   By.linkText requires the visible text to match exactly, including spaces.

2. Step 2: Compare given text and actual link text

   "Login" (no space) does not match "Log In" (with space), so element is not found.

3. Final Answer:

   The linkText must match the text exactly, so "Login" does not match "Log In" -> Option D

4. Quick Check:

   Exact text match required for linkText [OK]

Hint: Check spaces and case exactly when using linkText [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Assuming partial matches work with linkText
• Thinking spaces are ignored in linkText
• Believing findElement is deprecated for links

5. You want to click a link with text "Terms & Conditions" but the page sometimes shows it as "Terms and Conditions". How can you write Selenium Java code to handle both cases?

hard

A. Use findElement(By.id("terms")) assuming id is always present

B. Use try-catch: try findElement(By.linkText("Terms & Conditions")), if fails try findElement(By.linkText("Terms and Conditions"))

C. Use findElement(By.partialLinkText("Terms &")) to match both

D. Use findElement(By.linkText("Terms")) to match both

Solution

1. Step 1: Understand exact matching limitation

   linkText requires exact text, so you must try both versions separately.

2. Step 2: Use try-catch to attempt both texts

   Try finding the link with "Terms & Conditions" first; if it throws exception, catch it and try "Terms and Conditions".

3. Final Answer:

   Use try-catch: try findElement(By.linkText("Terms & Conditions")), if fails try findElement(By.linkText("Terms and Conditions")) -> Option B

4. Quick Check:

   Try both exact texts with error handling [OK]

Hint: Try exact texts one by one with try-catch [OK]

Common Mistakes:

• Using partialLinkText that may match wrong links
• Assuming partial text "Terms" matches both safely
• Assuming id locator is always available