[Solved] What will be the output of the following Ruby code? module Talk def speak "Hello!" end end class Dog include Talk end puts Dog.new.speak | Ruby

Ruby - Modules and Mixins

What will be the output of the following Ruby code?

module Talk
  def speak
    "Hello!"
  end
end

class Dog
  include Talk
end

puts Dog.new.speak

ANoMethodError

BHello!

Cspeak

Dnil

Step-by-Step Solution

Solution:

Step 1: Understand module inclusion
The Talk module defines speak method. Including it in Dog adds speak as an instance method.
Step 2: Call the method on Dog instance
Dog.new.speak calls the method and returns "Hello!" string.
Final Answer:
Hello! -> Option B
Quick Check:
Included method call = "Hello!" [OK]

Quick Trick: Included module methods become instance methods [OK]

Common Mistakes:

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